Rostow’s Stages of Development

Drive to Technological Maturity Industry expands. Luxury items become necessities. High Incomes, a majority of workers involved in the service sector. High Mass Consumption Economic growth is widely accepted. The economy diversifies. Poverty is greatly reduced and material goods much more common. Cities grow, and modernization is evident in the core. International trade expands. Drive to Technological Maturity People begin to experiment with producing goods for trade with others for profit. A state industrial revolution takes place. Urbanization, technology, and production increases. Take-Off Stage Have students identify which countries would fall into various stages. Life is built around families. Very Limited Wealth. Subsistence Farmers. Traditional Stage

Criticisms Rich nations often block the path of poor. Poorer nations have to develop from a position of weakness. Suggesting that poverty is the fault of the victims is wrong. A justification for capitalism to exploit non-capitalism.

What is Dependency Theory

Dependency Theory says that the economic development of many countries is blocked by industrialized nations that exploit them.

A Few Key Points. Dependency theory blames MCDs that control or who once controlled LDCs through colonialism. Argues that political liberation from colonialism has not translated into economic health. Dependency theory is largely an outgrowth of Marxism.

Wallerstein’s Capitalist World Economy Model

Rich nations that fuel the world’s economy. Take raw materials from around the world and channel them to North America, Europe, Australia, and Japan. Core Countries Low-Income countries brought about through colonialism. Support rich countries by providing inexpensive labor and a large market for industrial products. Periphery Countries The rest of the world. More powerful than periphery, but still dominated in some way by the core. Semiperiphery Countries Think of examples that might support this.

The core and semi-periphery gets cheap labor and raw materials from the periphery. The periphery and semi-periphery buy goods for high profit from the core.

Criticisms Treats wealth as a “0 Sum Theory” No country willingly blocks another from success. Places blame on countries that have helped others. Ignore cultural issues that affect poverty.

Part Two: Growth and Diffusion of Industrialization

A) Before the Industrial Revolution

Before the Industrial Revolution There were industrial centers before the late 18th Century but it was isolated. Most industries were cottage industries. Examples: Chinese Silk Factories Metal Workshops in India

What is a cottage industry?

Cottage Industries are home-based manufacturers where people manufacture tools and agriculture equipment for their own communities.

B) The Start of the Industrial Revolution

The Early 18th Century Early factories in Great Britain during the 18th Century were run by water running down slopes.

The Most Important Invention In 1769, James Watt built the first efficient steam engine. This was the most important invention to the Industrial Revolution.

The Industrial Revolution was the process of technological change that started in the late 1700s that transformed how goods were produced and obtained by the people.

Effects of the Industrial Revolution Social Changes Economic Changes Political Changes Population Changes

Industries affected by the Industrial Revolution Iron Coal Transportation Textiles Chemicals Food Processing

C) Diffusion of the Industrial Revolution

Diffusion of the Industrial Revolution Great Britain Belgium/France (late 1700s) The United States (1790s) Italy, Netherlands, Russia, Sweden (late 1800s) Asia, Middle East and Africa (Mid 20th Century) Diffusion of the Industrial Revolution Most of Europe came late to the party because of revolution and strife (ie. French Revolution, Napoleonic Wars) The United States entered the IR later than Belgium and France but expanded more rapidly. The Middle East and Africa entered the IR because of WWI and the need for oil.