1. ❧ Period 5: 1750-1900 Europe Goes on Tour: The Sequel!

2. ❧ ❧ Revolution: The Industrial One ❧ Imperialism: Europe & Japan: 1, Everyone Else: 0 ❧ Revolution: The Political Ones ❧ Migration: On the Road Again Overview

3. ❧ ❧ The process of industrialization that took place during the 18 th and 19 th centuries (farms → factories) ❧ Began in Europe (specifically England) ❧ Had HUGE effects on every aspect of life around the globe ❧ Next to Columbian Exchange, probably the most likely thing to be on the test The Industrial Revolution

4. ❧ ❧ Europe’s location on the Atlantic Ocean ❧ Distribution of coal, iron, and timber ❧ Demographic changes in Europe (rapid population growth) ❧ Urbanization ❧ Improved agricultural productivity ❧ Legal protection of private property ❧ Abundance of rivers and canals ❧ Access to foreign resources ❧ Accumulation of capital (think abt trading companies) Why Europe?

5. ❧ ❧ Watt steam engine- 1763-1775 ❧ Spinning jenny- 1764 ❧ Internal combustion engine- mid 1800s ❧ Allow for faster travel, production, and transport of goods ❧ Run on fossil fuels Necessary Inventions

6. ❧ ❧ Unskilled labor/division of labor ❧ Widescale output/cheaper input ❧ Location near railroads and rivers ❧ Centralized work ❧ Standardization and uniformity ❧ Guarantee of supply Characteristics of Factory System

7. ❧ ❧ IR starts in Great Britain but affects globe ❧ Industrialization around the world- US, Russia, Japan ❧ Need for raw materials (rubber from Congo) and a market for goods drives imperialism ❧ British and French “opening up” China ❧ Opium Wars (1839-1842, 1856-1860) The IR Spreads

8. ❧ ❧ Agricultural economies decline in wake of IR ❧ Textile industry in India ❧ Transnational businesses develop ❧ United Fruit Company- 1899 The IR Spreads

9. ❧ ❧ Workers’ rights and reactions against capitalismreactions ❧ Unionization of laborers ❧ Resistance from Qing China and Ottoman Empire ❧ Rejected western industry and ideals in favor of tradition ❧ Some attempted to modernize, but were unsuccessful ❧ Young Turks in Ottoman Empire- 1889 ❧ Too little, too late Responses to Industrialization

10. ❧ ❧ Meiji Reformation in Japan ❧ 1868- Imperial rule restored ❧ End of Tokugawa Shogunate ❧ Japan industrialized rapidly ❧ Attempt to blend “western” and “eastern” values

11. ❧ ❧ Industrializing powers established transoceanic empires ❧ States with existing colonies strengthened their control ❧ Europe, the US, and Japan established empires in Asia and the Pacific ❧ Japan in Korea ❧ Britain in India, Australia, New Zealand ❧ Spanish and Portuguese power declined during this time Imperialism

12. ❧ ❧ Empires established in Africa ❧ BELGIUM IN THE CONGO ❧ Europe established settler colonies in some places ❧ Britain- South Africa, Australia and New Zealand ❧ In other places, Europe & the US established “economic imperialism” ❧ US in Latin America (Monroe Doctrine, United Fruit Company) ❧ Britain and France in China- Opium Wars Imperialism

13. ❧ ❧ Imperialism caused the formation and contraction of states around the world ❧ US & European influence led to Meiji Japan ❧ US & Russia expanded land borders and conquered neighboring territories ❧ US in Mexico, western territories ❧ Anti-imperial resistance led to the contraction of the Ottoman empire ❧ Semi-independence of Balkan states ❧ British influence in Egypt Imperialism

14. ❧ ❧ New states developed ❧ Kingdom of Hawai’i- 1810-1893 ❧ Nationalism developed as an ideology ❧ Germany and Italy become nation-states ❧ New racial ideologies, especially Social Darwinism, facilitate and justify imperialism ❧ White Man’s Burden Imperialism