The Ancient Middle East

4. The Ancient Hebrews

Abraham’s Geneaology HAGAR ABRAHAM SARAH Ishmael Isaac 12 Arabian Tribes Jacob Esau 12 Tribes of Israel

Important Vocabulary Monotheism – belief in one god Torah – the first five books of the Bible Covenant – a promise from god to his people Patriarchs – male leaders of a society Exodus – when Moses led the Israelites out of Egypt Diaspora – the scattering of Jew outside of Judah

Timeline Moved into the Fertile Crescent c. 2000 BCE Abraham makes his covenant with God (Canaan) The 12 tribes Into Egypt Out of Egypt (Exodus – Passover) and into Canaan Saul, David, and Solomon (three kings) Chaos after Solomon In 722 BCE, defeated by the Assyrians (1st kingdom) In 586 BCE, defeated by the Chaldeans (2nd) Diaspora

Abraham’s Journey from Ur Canaan  The “Promised Land”

Abraham’s Journeys

Yahweh’s “Covenant” With His People The first 5 books of the Hebrew Bible. The most sacred text in the Jewish religious tradition. The Torah

Ancient Palestine

Land of Goshen, Egypt

“Shepherd of His People” Moses “Prince of Egypt” “Shepherd of His People”

The Exodus

Route of the Exodus

Moses and the 10 Commandmets A new “covenant” with Yahweh

Mount Sinai

St. Catherine’s Monastery at Mount Sinai

King David’s Empire

Solomon’s Kingdom

Recreation of Ancient Jerusalem

King Solomon’s Temple Floor Plan The First Temple

Inside the Temple Tabernacle The Arc of the Covenant

The Temple Mount, Jerusalem Today Solomon’s Temple Wall: The “Wailing” Wall

Kingdoms of Judah & Israel

Israelites in Captivity

Alexander the Great & the Hellenization of the Near East

The Great Library at Alexandria. Egypt

Jerusalem: Reading the Torah

Herod the Great’s Kingdom