The Protestant Reformation 1517-1648

Learning Targets I can identify the root words in Protestant Reformation and understand their meaning I can explain what an indulgence is and how it evolved into an abusive practice I can identify who Martin Luther was and what he wrote I can explain the importance of the Printing Press with regard to the protestant reformation

The Protestant Reformation Caused by a questioning (protest) of the Church in Northern Europe The selling of indulgences $$$ for pardoning of sins

Purgatory during the crusades, Pope Urban promised indulgences for people who took the cross to fight

Martin Luther Credited with beginning the Reformation German monk upset with the selling of indulgences Came up with a list of 95 arguments against indulgences – known as 95 Theses

95 Theses Nailed them to a church door in Wittenberg, Germany on October 31, 1517 (legend says so anyhow…) Spark of The Reformation They argued against Church abuses, but focused on the indulgences

95 Theses Main ideas of the 95 Theses: Faith alone will get you to Heaven No indulgences People can read and interpret the Bible themselves Only two true sacraments Baptism Communion

95 Theses Pope Leo X excommunicated Luther from the Roman Catholic Church for his writings Followers of Luther became known as Lutherans First Protestant sect (branch) Luther continued to criticize the Church until his death in 1546 Versus

The Printing Press First used by Johann Gutenburg in 1456 – Germany First book was a Bible Used moveable type

The Printing Press Resulted in: More books available (cheaper) Increase in literacy Ideas and education to spread rapidly Luther’s 95 Theses

Effects of the Reformation Formation of Protestant Churches Religious and Political Divisions in Europe Leads people to seek new lands for their religions Religious Conflicts: Catholics vs. Protestants

Division of Christianity

The English Reformation A Tale of Family Drama and Intrigue

King Henry VIII King Henry VIII wants an annulment (divorce) from wife Catherine a. He needed a male heir and she only had Mary Tudor b. Fell in love with Anne Boleyn c. Pope refused to give him an annulment

King Henry VIII Henry breaks with the Roman Catholic Church a. He starts his own Church of England (Anglican Church) b. Gets his annulment and marries Anne Boleyn i. Their daughter is Elizabeth 1. Anne Boleyn is beheaded for not having a son

King Henry VIII c. 1534 – Parliament passes the Acts of Supremacy i. Makes English ruler the head of English (Anglican) Church 1. Blend of Catholic and Protestant

Edward VI Edward VI takes over when Henry VIII dies a. Only nine years old i. He makes the Anglican Church completely Protestant Uncle Edward had the real power over Edward VI’s reign

Mary Tudor IV. Mary Tudor takes over when Edward dies (in his teens) – he was her half-brother a. She moves the Anglican Church back to Catholic b. Known as “Bloody Mary” for killing Protestants c. Dies without having children

Elizabeth I V. Elizabeth I inherits the throne from Mary (25 yrs old) a. She is Protestant and moves England back that way b. Forms the Elizabethan Settlement i. A compromise between Catholic and Protestant 1. Leads to unity and stability

The Tudor Family Henry VIII – (1st Wife) Catherine (2nd Wife) (child)Mary Tudor Anne Boleyn (Catholic) (child) Elizabeth I Only Son (with 3rd wife) Protestant Edward VI – Protestant =Elizabethan Settlement