1. Luther Leads the Reformation
Objectives:
Analyze historical forces and religious issues that sparked the Reformation.
Trace Martin Luther’s role in the movement to reform the Catholic Church.
Analyze the impact of Luther’s religious revolt.
Explain the spread of the Protestant faith to England.

2. The Reformation Reformation: movement for religious reform
This is when people leave the Catholic Church and PROTESTANT churches are formed
Root word of protestant? PROTEST
People protest the Catholic Church

3. Causes of the Reformation
1. Renaissance
Printing press spreads secular(non-religious) ideas. More people can read/interpret the Bible
2. Corruption in Catholic Church
Pope spent lots of $$
Priests/popes broke vows
Sold indulgences
3. Merchants don’t like paying church taxes
4. Kings/Royals: want more power/wealth
A Renaissance era printing press.

4. Criticisms of the Catholic Church
its leaders were corrupt
The Pope spent extravagantly on personal pleasure and waged wars
Many priests broke their vows
A woodcut of the pope selling indulgences, from Passionary of the Christ and Antichrist.

5. Luther Challenges the Church
Martin Luther ( ) – German monk responsible for reforming the church
Luther was angry over the church practice of selling indulgences
Indulgence – A religious pardon that released a sinner from performing the penalty that a priest imposed for sins
A portrait of Luther circa 1529.

7. The 95 Theses
In 1517 Luther wrote 95 theses attacking the “pardon-merchants”
He posted these statements on the door of the church
Theses were copied and spread all over Europe
Luther nailing his 95 theses to the door of the Wittenberg church.

8. The Response to Luther Was excommunicated as a result
The Church considered Luther a serious threat
Luther recommended the removal of the pope
Was excommunicated as a result
Many northern German princes supported Luther
Those princes that supported Luther signed a protest against the agreement
The protesting princes became known as Protestants
Protestant – Christians who belong to non-Catholic churches
Charles V ordered all of Luther’s writings to be burned.

10. England Becomes Protestant
Henry VIII Wants a Son
When Henry VIII became king in 1509, he was a devout Catholic
Henry feared that without a male heir, civil war might break out in the event of his death
Was convinced that his wife Catherine would have no more children
Henry wanted to divorce Catherine and take a younger queen
The Pope refused Henry’s request
Portrait of Henry VIII circa 1540.

11. England Becomes Protestant
The Reformation Parliament
In 1529 Henry called Parliament into session and asked it to pass a series of laws that ended the pope’s power in England
Henry divorced Catherine and married Ann Boleyn
Act of Supremacy – Called on people to accept Henry, not the pope, as the head of England’s Church
Diagram of Henry's VIII reign relative to his marriages.

12. Catherine of Aragon
Anne Boleyn
Jane Seymour
Died
Divorced
Beheaded
Anne of Cleves
Catherine Howard
Catherine Parr
Survived
Beheaded
Divorced

13. Consequences of Henry’s Changes
Ann Boleyn was unable to give Henry a male heir
Charged with treason and beheaded
Henry took Jane Seymour as his third wife
Gave him a son
After Henry’s death, each of his three children took turns ruling England
Religious turmoil
Elizabeth I , "Darnley Portrait", c. 1575

14. Reformation Europe (Late 16c)