Body Systems Unit 5

Cranium (Skull) Mandible Clavicle Sternum Humorous Rib Vertebrae Pelvis Radius Ulna Carpals Metacarpals Phalanges Femur Patella Tibia Fibula Tarsals Metatarsals Phalanges

The Skeletal System Functions Structure Plays a crucial role in movement Supports and protects organs Structure Axial Skeleton – Includes the 80 bones of the skull, spine, ribs, and sternum Appendicular Skeleton – includes the 126 bones of the shoulders, arms, hands, hips, legs, and feet Cartilage – strong flexible connective tissue

The Skeletal System Joints – the point where two bones meet Ball and Socket Joint – allows the widest range of movement: forward, backward, sideways and in a circle Example: Shoulder and Hips Pivot Joint – allows for rotation Example: the joint between the first two vertebrae in the neck which allow the head to rotate Ellipsoidal Joint – oval shaped part fits into a curved space and allows for all types of movement except pivotal Example: Wrist Hinge Joint – allows bending and straightening Example: Fingers, Knees, Elbows

The Skeletal System Ligaments – tough bands of fibrous elastic tissue that binds bone to bone Tendons – fibrous cords that attach muscle to bones

The Skeletal System Problems Fractures – Any type of break in a bone Osteoporosis – a condition in which bone density decreases Scoliosis – a lateral, or side to side, curvature of the spine

The Circulatory System Main Parts Heart, Blood, and a network of branching vessels Heart 4 Chamber Left and Right Ventricles Left and Right Atriums -

The Circulatory System Main Parts Heart, Blood, and a network of branching vessels Heart – pumps oxygen rich blood for the body 4 Chamber Left and Right Ventricles Left and Right Atriums - Blood – delivers oxygen to the body Vessels Arteries – Vessels that carry blood away from the heart Veins – Vessels that Carry deoxygenated blood toward the heart from the body’s organs and tissue Capillaries – vessels that carry blood between arterioles and venules