1. Animal Science

2. Skeletal System Function Cartilage
Provides frame and support for all systems and organs.
Cartilage
Firm, flexible tissues that is not as hard as bone

3. Skeletal System Bone Attach muscles Means of movement
Protect internal organs
Storage of minerals

4. Skeletal System Layers of Bone Periosteum Outer layer
Cushions the hard portion of the bone
Repair of broken bones

5. Skeletal System Layers of Bone Compact Bone beneath periosteum
layer of hard mineral matter
Calcium
gives bones strength

6. Skeletal System Layers of Bone Spongy Bone Inside hard outer layer
fills ends of bones
lines hollow portions

7. Skeletal System Layers of Bone Red marrow
inside cavities of spongy bone
formation of red blood cells

8. Skeletal System Layers of Bone Yellow marrow
Located inside hollow portion
Fat storage cells
Energy storage

9. Skeletal System Types of Bone Long Bones
Longest
Provide support and movement
Levers
Example -- legs, ribs, pelvic bones

10. Skeletal System Types of Bone Short Bones Example -- feet and hands
Smaller than long
Joints
Comfort and mobility
Example -- feet and hands

11. Skeletal System Types of Bone Irregular Bones Example -- vertebrae
Have an irregular shape
Support and protect
Example -- vertebrae

12. Skeletal System Types of Bone Flat Bones Example -- skull
Thin and flat
Protect organs
Example -- skull

13. Skeletal System Joints Ligaments Where different bones meet
Connect bones together; tough tissue

14. Skeletal System
Joints
Classified by the way they move.

15. Hinge Joint

16. Ball and Socket

17. Gliding

18. The Skeleton The skeleton is divided into two parts:
The axial skeleton protects the major organs of the nervous, respiratory, and circulatory systems
The axial skeleton consists of the skull, hyoid bones, vertebral column, ribs, and sternum
The appendicular skeleton is the framework that consists of the extremities, shoulder, and pelvic girdle
Appen means to add or hang
The appendicular skeleton includes the bones of the front and hind limbs

19. The Axial Skeleton
The cranium is the portion of the skull that encloses the brain

20. The Axial Skeleton
The vertebral column supports the head and body and provides protection for the spinal cord
The vertebral column is comprised of individual bones called vertebra

21. The Appendicular Skeleton
Front limb
scapula
clavicle
humerus
radius
ulna
carpal bones
metacarpal bones
cannon bone in livestock
phalanges

22. The Appendicular Skeleton
Hind limb
pelvis
femur
patella
tibia
fibula
tarsal bones
metatarsal bones
cannon bone in livestock
phalanges

23. Circulatory System Function Transports Regulates temperature
Water
Oxygen
Wastes
Regulates temperature
Removes disease

24. Circulatory System Heart Center of the circulatory system Large muscle
Pumps continuously

25. Circulatory System Blood Vessels Arteries Veins
Vessels that take blood away from the heart
Veins
Vessels that return blood to the heart

26. Circulatory System Capillaries Connect arteries and veins
Deliver nutrients to the cells
Take away waste

27. Circulatory System Red Blood cells White Blood cells Give blood color
Carry oxygen
White Blood cells
Destroy disease
Pus

28. Circulatory System Four Chambers Right Atrium Right Ventricle
Receives blood into heart from body, from veins
Right Ventricle
Pumps blood out to the lungs
Left Atrium
Receives blood into heart from lungs
Left Ventricle
Pumps blood out into body via arteries

29. Lungs
Veins
Right Atrium
Left Atrium
Left
Ventricle
Right Ventricle
Arteries

30. Respiratory System Function: Takes oxygen from the air
Places it in the bloodstream
Removes carbon dioxide

31. Respiratory System Structures Nostrils Nasal Chamber Mouth
Large amounts of air
Nasal Chamber
Mouth
Brings in air

32. Respiratory System Structures Pharynx Passageway for Food Water Air
Controlled by epiglottis

33. Respiratory System Larynx Trachea Voice box (Adam’s apple)
Prevents material from entering lungs.
Trachea
Large tube
Made of rigid cartilaginous rings

34. Respiratory System
Bronchi
Branch out further
Lungs
Gas exchange

35. Respiratory System Alveoli Surrounded by blood vessels
Carbon dioxide is removed from blood
Oxygen is absorbed into blood

36. Respiratory System Diaphragm Large muscle under the lungs
When contracted, rib cage expands and air comes in
When the diaphragm relaxes, air is forced out