1. SKELETAL SYSTEM Objectives : Identify the functions of the skeletal system. Describe the main divisions and types of bones of the skeletal system. Recognize how understanding the functions of the skeletal system is important to maintaining personal health

2. Functions of the Skeletal System Provides a living structure for your body Plays a crucial role in movement Protects your internal organs Stores minerals such as calcium and phosphorus Stores bone marrow, which produces white and red blood cells

3. Structure of the Skeleton There are 206 bones in the body! Axial skeleton – consists of 80 bones of the skull, spine, ribs, vertebrae, and sternum. Appendicular skeleton- the remaining 126 bones of the upper and lower limbs, shoulders and hips.

4. Structure Types of bones – Long: humerus, femur – Short: almost equal in length and width. Ex. Wrists and ankle – Flat: are thinner and flatter than other bones. Ex. Scapula – Irregular: facial and vertebrae

5. Cartilage Strong, flexible connective tissue Found at the end of long bones, the end of the nose, and the outer ear. In the knee joint, cartilage acts as a cushion, reducing friction and allowing smooth motion. Ossification: process by which bone is formed, renewed, and repaired

6. Joints Joints are points at which bones meet. – Ball and socket joint Provide the widest range of motion. (hip joint) – Hinge joint Allows a joint to bend and straighten. (elbow, knee) – Pivot joints Allow limited rotation or turning of the head – Ellipsoidal joints Have an oval-shaped part that fits in a curved space

7. Ligaments and Tendons Ligament- band of fibrous, slightly elastic connective tissue. Attaches bone to bone Help stabilize the movements of bones at a joing Tendon-fibrous cord Attaches muscle to bone Helps body move

8. Problems of the Skeletal System Fractures – Hairline Fracture: Fracture is incomplete and the two parts of the bone do not separate. – Transverse Fracture: The fracture is completely across the bone. – Compound Fracture: The bone shatters into more than two parts. Osteoporosis – A condition in which progressive loss of bone tissue occurs. Scoliosis – A lateral, or side-to-side, curvature of the spine. Injuries to Joint – Dislocation: When the ligaments that attach the bone at the joint are torn. – Torn cartilage: Can result from a sharp blow or the twisting of a joint. – Bursitis: Inflammation of a fluid filled sac called the bursa. – A Bunion: Inflammation of the bursa in the first joint of the big toe. – Arthritis: The inflammation of a joint. Repetitive Motion Injury – Damage to tissues caused by pro-longed, repeated movements.