1. The Skeletal System

2. Skeleton BrainPop

3. 5 Functions of the skeleton
1. Shape and support
2. Movement
3. Protection
4. Blood Production
5. Storage

4. 1. Shape/Support - This provides shape for our body, holds our vital
organs in place and allows us to have good posture.
2. Movement - Our muscles are attached to our bones in a way
which allows movement.
3. Protection - Protects our delicate organs. SKULL protects the BRAIN.
RIB CAGE protects the HEART and LUNGS etc.
4. Blood Production – Red/white blood cells are produced in the
bone marrow found in many bones.
5. Storage - minerals are stored in the bones to add strength.

5. Main Bones 1. Cranium 2. Scapula 3. Clavicle 4. Humerus 5. Pelvis
6. Sternum
7. Ribs
8. Vertebrae
9. Radius
10. Ulna
11. Carpals &
Metacarpals
12. Phalanges
13. Femur
14. Patella
15. Tibia
16. Fibula
17. Tarsals &
Metatarsals
18. Phalanges

6. Don’t be confused… The Foot The Chest Clavicle – collar bone
Scapula – shoulder blade
The Arm
Radius - thumb side lower
Ulna - finger side lower
Humerus - upper arm – “funny bone”
The Hand
Carpals - wrist bones
Metacarpals – hand
The Foot
Metatarsals - foot
Tarsals - ankle –think “T” for “toes”
The Leg
Fibula - small lower
Tibia - large lower
Patella - knee

7. JOINTS – where bones meet.
(The movement of the skeleton is helped by joints.)
1. Immovable – bones connected without movement.
EXAMPLE – bones of the SKULL
2. Moveable - joints held together by ligaments, cartilage and tendons.
EXAMPLE – knee, elbow, shoulder

8. Types of Connective tissue
*Joints are moved by muscles & bones.*
1. LIGAMENTS - attach bone to bone.
2. TENDONS - attach muscle to bone.
3. CARTILAGE – covers ends of bones &
cushions between bones.
The knee joint - Movements other than flexion/extension can cause serious ligament damage in hinge joints like the knee. In contact sports like football these ligaments are often strained by forces acting in other directions.

9. JOINTS 1. Ball and Socket joint 2. Hinge joint 3. Gliding joint
4. Pivot joint
Joints BrainPop

10. Knee Ligaments Video Clip

11. Ball and Socket
Allows the bone(s) to have the greatest range of motion. Shoulder & hip
The rounded head of one bone fits into a cup-shaped socket of another.
Pelvis
Femur

12. Hinge Allows forward or backward motion. Knee & elbow
Try flexing (bending) and extending them.
You will find that the movement of the joint can only occur in
one direction, just like the hinge of a door.
Radius
Humerus
Ulna

13. Gliding
In this type of joint, two surfaces which are flat rub against each other like the bones of the wrist. These small bones can move over one another to increase flexibility of the hands for example. They are stopped from moving too far by strong ligaments.
Carpals

14. Pivot
This joint is made when one bone twists against another. These are found in the spine/neck. They also allow the head to turn, raise and lower.

15. Types of Movement Flexion Extension Rotation Abduction Adduction
There are many types of movement that the skeleton and muscles can produce. The following are the most common:
Flexion
Extension
Rotation
Abduction
Adduction

16. FLEXION – Bending the joint. E. g. Bending the knee or elbow
FLEXION – Bending the joint. E.g. Bending the knee or elbow. BALL and SOCKET and HINGE are the main joint types that can produce this movement.

17. EXTENSION of a joint is where the joint is straightened
EXTENSION of a joint is where the joint is straightened. BALL and SOCKET and HINGE joints are common examples of joints that can produce this movement.
Straightening the leg when striking a ball is an example of EXTENSION at the knee (HINGE JOINT)

18. The ROTATION movement can occur at a BALL
and SOCKET and a PIVOT joint. e.g. turning the
head or the movement at the shoulder when
swimming backstroke.

19. ABDUCTION and ADDUCTION movements can be produced by BALL and SOCKET joints. ABDUCTION is where a limb moves away from the centre of the body.
ADDUCTION is where the limb is moved TOWARDS the center of the body.

20. Injuries to joints can occur from:
Over use (Too much training)
Incorrect movement injuries (e.g.-wrong techniques)
Impact or twisting (e.g.-twist of knee or elbow from a tackle or collision)