DNA, Meiosis, Protein synthesis and Karyotype Chapter 3.1-3.4 Review DNA, Meiosis, Protein synthesis and Karyotype

A duplication or a copy of DNA is called ________________ A duplication or a copy of DNA is called ________________. DNA replication

The physical characteristics of an organism is called _____________ The physical characteristics of an organism is called _____________. traits

One of the first people to study inherited traits was ______________ One of the first people to study inherited traits was ______________. Gregor Mendel

An egg or sperm cell is also called ____________ An egg or sperm cell is also called ____________. A gamete or a reproductive (sex) cell

If a horse’s liver cell has 64 chromosomes, how many chromosomes are in its gamete? 32

Protein is made of ______________. amino acids

A cell division that produces 4 genetically different gametes is ___________. meiosis

Exchanging DNA between two chromosomes during meiosis is called ______________ that contributes to a genetic variation in a species. Cross-over

A fertilized egg has a _____________ number of chromosomes A fertilized egg has a _____________ number of chromosomes. diploid or double

____________ carries information from DNA in the nucleus to the cytoplasm. mRNA

How many chromosomes does a heart cell in humans have? 46 23 92 12

Meiosis occurs only in the formation of: Liver cells Body cells Reproductive cells Lung cells

What is a zygote? Any cell with a diploid number of chromosomes A fertilized egg with a diploid number of chromosomes An unfertilized egg with a haploid number of chromosomes A process in where an egg cell will become fertilized by sperm cell

Where does protein synthesis happen? Inside a nucleus In the cytoplasm, specifically in ribosomes Outside a cell In mitochondria of a cell

Which RNA brings a specific amino acid to a ribosome? mRNA tRNA rRNA RNA

What is a gene? A fragment of DNA that codes for proteins A fragment of DNA molecule that makes up a nucleus A part of DNA that describes what parents look like A part of DNA that is responsible for cell’s activities

Which nitrogen base is not a part of DNA? Adenine Guanine Cytosine Uracil

What is a codon? Is three bases on mRNA Is three bases in tRNA Is an amino acid Is a specific protein

What is produced during translation? A nucleotide A polypeptide chain A nucleosome A pyrimidine

What happens during meiosis? Each sex cell loses half of its chromosomes Chromosome pairs separate to form new sex cells Each sex cell copies itself to form four new chromosomes Chromosome pairs remain together when new sex cells are formed

What is a genetic code? The number of nitrogen bases in a DNA molecules The order of nitrogen bases along a gene The order of amino acids in a protein The number of guanine and cytosine bases in a chromosome

What do transfer RNA molecules do during protein synthesis? Makes proteins Brings specific amino acid to a growing protein Builds ribosome Copies information from DNA

Chromosome pairs are held at a center of: Chromatin Centromere DNA Chromatid

Unlike DNA, RNA contains: Two strands One strand Thymine Cellulose

What happens during the process of replication? mRNA is made from DNA The cell uses information from mRNA to produce proteins tRNA is made from mRNA Copies of DNA molecules are made

If a dog’s body cell has 42 chromosomes, how many chromosomes does its sperm cell have? 84 21 20 23

How many chromosomes does a stomach cell in human cells have?

Which of the following is correctly matched with its function? rRNA – contains codes to make new ribosomes DNA – carries the amino acids to the ribosomes tRNA –combines with proteins to make up ribosomes mRNA –carries genetic codes from a nucleus to the ribosomes

What are chromosomes? Structures of RNA Protein structures Structures that are made of chromatin Structures that are made of alleles and centromere

Ribosome is made of: tRNA rRNA mRNA aRNA

Gametes have a __________ number of chromosomes. Haploid Diploid Triploid Half

What is genetics? Study of genes and heredity Study of traits Study of how diseases are passed from one generation to another Study how many genes are passed from parents to offspring

What is chromatin? A tight fragment of DNA A loose DNA in the nucleus of a cell A part of gene in the nucleus of a cell A X-shaped structure that is located in the nucleus

Label the letters: Protein Amino acid tRNA mRNA rRNA

Describe 3 main types of RNA: mRNA (messenger RNA) – they are messengers from DNA to ribosome in the cytoplasm rRNA (ribosomal RNA) – is a ribosome that makes protein tRNA (transfer RNA) – brings specific amino acid to the ribosome

What is the difference between DNA and RNA? -double strand -single strand -A, T, G, C -A, U, G, C -has sugar called: deoxyribose -has sugar called: ribose -stays inside the nucleus (never leaves the nucleus) -after copying from DNA, it leaves the nucleus and enters the cytoplasm, and then attaches to ribosome to make proteins

What is the difference between mitosis and meiosis? Mitosis produces 2 genetically same diploid cells while meiosis reproduces 4 genetically different haploid gametes.

What is karyotype? Karyotype- is an organized display of all human chromosomes

What is a nucleotide? A nucleotide is a repetitive part of DNA. A nucleotide has 3 parts: -a nitrogen base -sugar -phosphate group

What are specific amino acids for a given codon? Examples: ACGUGCAGA ACG-UCG-AGA Threonine-cysteine-arginine CUACCUUGA Leucine-proline-stop