The Early Cold War Years

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Presentation transcript:

The Early Cold War Years Chapter 15 Sec 2

I. Containment A. Stopping the spread of communism became the focus of American policy B. George Kennan developed strategy C. Leads to conflicts around the globe

II. Containment in Europe A. Truman Doctrine 1. Congress gave $400 million to Greece and Turkey, who were fighting Communist groups 2. Goal: Prevent a Communist takeover

II. Containment in Europe B. Marshall Plan 1. What? Gave money to rebuild European countries after WW II 2. Why? War had ruined cities & people were starving; made nations susceptible to Communism

II. Containment in Europe C. Berlin Airlift 1. What? Airlift of supplies into Western controlled Berlin when Soviet cut off access 2. Why? Did not want to give ½ of Berlin to Russians/Communism 3. Airlifted materials for almost a year 4. Airlift symbolized determination to not give into Soviets

II. Containment in Europe D. NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) 1. 12 nations agree to defend one another if attacked (Collective Security) 2. Russia forms Warsaw Pact in response E. Soviet A-bomb announced in 1949 1. US loses advantage

III. Containment in Asia A. China 1. From 1920s-1949 Chinese having civil war a. Mao Ze Dong (Communist) v. Change Kai Sheck (Nationalist) b. US sends money to fund Nationalists to stop Communism 2. 1949: Communist win war, Nationalists flee to Taiwan 3. Domino Theory: If one country falls to communism, those around it will fall too a. China seen as first domino in Asia

B. Japan 1. US must establish strong government with good economy in order to keep it from becoming Communist. C. Korea 1. Post WW II Korea divided at 38th parallel a. Soviets- North - Communist b. US – South 2. June 1950: North Korea invades South in attempt to reunite a. Seen as a test of containment policy 3. Gen. Douglas MacArthur pushes N. Korean forces to Chinese border a. Chinese (Communist) military forces US back to 38th parallel 4. July 1953: Armistice signed; Korea remains divided 5. US government organizes SEATO a. NATO (Collective Security) in Asia