Civil Rights Movement & Modern Era Part 1 Unit 10 Civil Rights Movement & Modern Era Part 1

I. Causes: African-American Urbanization Religious Faith Demand for Constitutional Rights WWII Media Coverage

II. The Civil Rights Movement Brown vs. Board of Education 1954 separate is not equal reversed Plessy vs. Ferguson (Video) NAACP fought for racial injustice through courtroom Integration of Ol’ Miss

Lynching of Emmett Till 1955 great media product for African-American movement African-Americans were outraged

Montgomery Bus Boycott (Video) Rosa Parks refused to give up her bus seat African-Americans boycott bus company (Video) Martin Luther King Jr. - emerges as leader of the movement

Little Rock Arkansas governor uses troops to prevent integration of 9 African-American students eventually Eisenhower calls in troops to integrate schools governor closes down schools Supreme Court said this was unconstitutional - schools reopened

Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. leads Civil Rights Movement uses civil disobedience as a strategy leads largest political rally at that time March on Washington D.C. “I Have A Dream Speech”

Sit-Ins/Freedom Riders = used protests Freedom Summer = many northern whites went to Mississippi to recruit African-American voters some died/disappeared

Constitutional Rights Part of LBJ’s Great Society Civil Rights Act 1964 = no job discrimination Voting Rights Act 1965 = no voting discrimination or literacy test Civil Rights Act 1968 = no housing discrimination = combat against poor ghetto life of African-Americans Office of Economic Opportunity = help poor children Medicare = health insurance for over 65 Medicaid = health care for poor

Malcolm X wanted separate societies for blacks and whites influenced by Marcus Garvey called black separatism

0 Affirmative Action hiring preferences for African-Americans and women to make up for past discrimination used by businesses and schools that received federal funding white males claimed this led to reverse discrimination

III. Effects: Segregation was Unconstitutional Civil Rights Acts of 1964, 1968, Voting Rights Act 1965 Affirmative Action Assassination of Martin Luther King Jr. 1968

IV. Civil Rights Movement 1970’s: Brown vs. Board of Ed. Continued: school busing laws Required schools to integrate by busing students out of segregated neighborhoods

Cesar Chavez led movement to improve migrant farmers lives creates unity with strength to bargain collectively used strikes and boycotts to gain victories used non-violence

Rachel Carson wrote Silent Spring public attention to harmful effects of pesticides leads to restrictions on pesticides

EPA Environmental Protection Agency enforce laws against water/air pollution toxic waste, pesticides, radiation

Ralph Nader movement for consumer protection wrote Unsafe at Any Speed detailed safety hazards in automobiles (such as bumpers are no good in crash over 3 miles per hour)

Fair Campaign Practices Act 1976 = limit the amount of $ individuals and corporations could donate to political campaigns

Betty Friedan wrote Feminine Mystique  women bored as housewives, wanted jobs and skills outside the home became president of NOW (National Organization for Women) NOW worked for ERA (Equal Rights Amendment) failed by 3 votes Roe v. Wade = women’s right to abortion