1. UNIT 15 African – American Civil Rights Movement

2. Evolution of the Civil Rights Movement Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation -During Civil War it declared all enslaved persons in states rebelling against the Union to be free Post Civil War Amendments 1.13 th - abolished slavery 2.14 th - defined a US citizen and could not deny them rights 3.15 th - states could not deny right to vote to any male US citizen over 21

3. Roots of the Civil Rights Movement Booker T. Washington -born into slavery -began Tuskegee Institute in Alabama -promoted education for African-Americans as the way to progress W.E.B. Dubois -pushed for civil rights progress -formed the NAACP to push for legal methods to end racial discrimination

4. Milestones of the African-American Civil Rights Movement Brown vs. Board of Education Topeka, Kansas (1954) Issue: -Dispute over separate educational facilities not being equalDecision: -Ruling stated that educational facilities were in fact not equal -Ruling reversed the landmark Plessy vs. Ferguson case - Schools had to allow african-americans to attend

5. Montgomery Bus Boycott Rosa Parks: Rosa Parks: African American women arrested in Montgomery, Alabama for violating local law by sitting in the front section of a public bus Martin Luther King Jr.: Martin Luther King Jr.: local minister in a Montgomery Baptist Church when Rosa Parks was arrested -urged local african-americans to use non-violent methods to fight segregation -organized a boycott against the bus system that lasted for a year which worked causing bus company to end its policy of segregation

6. Crisis at Little Rock -Governor ordered National Guard troops to prevent the admittance of African American students into little Rock High School -President Eisenhower ordered Federal Troops to escort the students into the schools Civil Rights Act of 1957 -Passed by Congress to protect the right of African-Americans to vote Civil Rights Act of 1964 -Strongest Civil Rights law ever passed by Congress -Segregation outlawed by Congress in most public places -Equal access to all public places for all citizens

7. March on Washington -A rally to support President Kennedy’s Civil Rights Bill -Over 200,000 people marched on the Mall in DC -MLK gave his “I Have a Dream” speech 24 th Amendment -Prohibited Congress or states from implementing conditions to vote – such as a poll tax Black Power -Frustrated with non-violent movement, some looked for increased black pride and black nationalism through violence -Malcolm X/Black Muslims-advocated black nationalism-self govn’t for a black society

8. Affirmative Action -President Johnson signed an executive order requiring employers with federal contracts to take “affirmative action” to hire more women, African Americans, Hispanics, Native Americans, and Asian Americans -Meant to correct past injustices by giving preferences to these groups in employment opportunities, as well as college admissions

9. Assignment In the workbook finish pg.113 Definitions: Civil Rights Affirmative Action