1950s had been the era of peace & prosperty The younger generations were affected by significant events around them: – Civil Rights – Class Segregation – Cold War – Mistrust in U.S. Govt RESULT: Power in numbers! Youths were represented by the baby boomer generation who would now take part in society Chapter 26: The Politics of Protest Chapter 26: The Politics of Protest The Growth of the Youth Movement

The Free Speech Movement the University of California, Berkeley in response to a ban on students against political protesting Caused a rift between students & administration leading to arrests Launched nation-wide free speech movement RESULT: Supreme Court upholds the students right to freedom of speech… this would pave the way for future college demonstrations

Counterculture: a culture with values & beliefs different than the mainstream HIPPIES Began as a reaction to the 1950s stereotype of the man in a suit who led a constricted life As it grew – many just joined for: fashion & drugs Many lived in communes: group living arrangements where people share everything Most popular location: Haight-Ashbury, San Francisco – Anti: Western civilization, rationality, order, tradition – Pro: freedom, closeness to nature, love, empathy, tolerance, cooperation

Counterculture Contd… New Religious Movements – In a movement of rejection towards materialism, many people embraced spirituality – Astrology, magic, eastern religions, Christianity The Counterculture Declines – After a few years the movement deteriorates – Hippie communities turned to criminalized areas – Drug education heightened – Most returned to mainstream society when they were unable to support themselves financially

FASHION costumes rather than uniforms Colorful, beaded, braided, patched, fringed clothing Comfort, layers, loosely worn garments recycling military uniforms with new designs as a means of protesting war Longer hair

ART Pop Art: art that reflects pop culture – Photos, comics, ads, brand-names – Andy Warhol: most famous pop artist Music & Dance – Rock continues to flourish (BEATLEMANIA!!!) – Rock paired with storytelling about the rifts between generations (Bob Dylan, Janis Joplin, Jimi Hendrix) – Woodstock: 1969 NY festival with music & dance

FEMINISM: the belief that men + women should be equal politically, economically & socially Women had played major roles in wartime & raising families Now wanted TRUE equality, not just on paper (think 19 th amendment) Equal Rights Amendment (ERA): 1972 – protests women against discrimination Goal: equality within: – The workplace – As writers/authors – As teachers

AFFIRMATIVE ACTION: an active effort to improve employment/educational opportunities for minorities Critics saw this as a form of reverse discrimination Goal: opportunities in: – Education, Politics, Job markets, Farmworkers Applied to (mainly): – African Americans, Native Americans, Hispanic Americans – Cesar Chavez: most important advocate for Mexican America laborers

Environmentalism: Going Green! Goal: be more eco-conscious to extend the life of people, wildlife & the planet Cut down on: pollution, pesticides, smog Increase: recycling programs, education, legislation New Ideas Included: – Earth Day! (April 22 nd each year) – Nuclear energy (cleaner) vs. burning fossil fuels

The Consumer Movement Goal: for ALL PEOPLE to put SAFETY as the 1 st priority in products, THEN looks, style, etc… Most impacted industry: automobiles Result: now consumers would know to become more educated in product-research & comparison before making a purchase

GROWTH OF THE YOUTH MOVEMENTFREE SPEECH MOVEMENT COUNTERCULTURE: HIPPIES COMMUNE: COUNTERCULTURE CONTD NEW RELIGIOUS MOVEMENTS THE COUNTERCULTURE DECLINES Rotate to each station. Bulletize notes. IMPORTANT ASPECTS are bolded/underlined. These ARE your notes!

FASHIONART POP ART MUSIC & DANCE FEMINISM: ERA AFFIRMATIVE ACTION Rotate to each station. Bulletize notes. IMPORTANT ASPECTS are bolded/underlined. These ARE your notes!

ENVIRONMENTALISMTHE CONSUMER MOVEMENT NOTES… Rotate to each station. Bulletize notes. IMPORTANT ASPECTS are bolded/underlined. These ARE your notes!