THE PROGRESSIVE ERA: Social and Political Change VISUAL VOCABULARY

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: SS.912.A.3.8 Examine the importance of social change and reform in the late 19th and early 20th centuries (class system, migration from farms to cities, Social Gospel movement, role of settlement houses and churches in providing services to the poor). SS.912.A.3.10 Review different economic and philosophic ideologies. SS.912.A.3.11 Analyze the impact of political machines in United States cities in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. SS.912.A.3.12 Compare how different nongovernmental organizations and progressives worked to shape public policy, restore economic opportunities, and correct injustices in American life.

Excerpt from How the Other Half Lives, by Jacob Riis Be a little careful, please! The hall is dark and you might stumble over the children pitching pennies back there. Not that it would hurt them; kicks and cuffs are their daily diet. They have little else.

Progressive Believing that the government should be changed in order to help solve people's problem

Political Machines A political organization that grants favors in return for votes

Corruption Spoils System When public office is used for illegal purposes Spoils System When a successful political party gives public jobs to its supporters

Muckrakers Journalists who created awareness of America's lower class

Government takes on Big Business Government Regulation: Laws that control the way businesses operate

The People Have a Voice in Government Referendum: Citizens can vote on laws Recall: Allows citizens to remove an elected official by vote

Women Change Society Temperance: A call for moderation in drinking habits Prohibition: the banning of sale, transport, and making of liquor

Women Change Politics Woman Suffrage: The right for women to vote Suffragette: Any woman who marched to win the right to vote.

FACTORS THAT LED TO THE PROGRESSIVE MOVEMENT Economic: Free enterprise: 'Laissez-Faire' - private businesses operated free of state control Rise of Big Business and Corporations - greed, unchecked and unethical business practices Unfair banking practices against farmers

FACTORS THAT LED TO THE PROGRESSIVE MOVEMENT Political: Bribery and Corruption: Spoils System Political Machines that controlled the towns and cities

FACTORS THAT LED TO THE PROGRESSIVE MOVEMENT Social: Calls for labor reform relating to wages, working conditions, child labor and unionization Discrimination and inequality on the grounds of race, gender, religion and ethnic background ConservationMovements and Envir onmentalists fought to protect and end the waste of natural resources, the destruction of wildlife and against pollution

Organizations Form to Fight Poverty and Inequality National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP): Civil rights organization founded to help fight racial injustice. Social Gospel Movement: A movement led by a group of liberal Protestant progressives in response to the social problems.

Political Parties Form to Fight Inequality Populist Party Socialist Party Bull Moose Party Founded in 1892 by the farmers' alliance and was a reformer party dedicated to the people Founded in 1901; members believed that government should own big-business The party that supported Theodore Roosevelt and made of progressive republicans

Government takes on Big Business Food and Drug Act: Passed in 1906, it required manufacturers to list ingredients on the label and tell the truth about drug side effects Sherman Anti-Trust Act: Passed in 1895, it was made to dissolve corporate trusts and monopolies

Women Change Society 18th Amendment: Passed in 1919, it outlawed the making, selling, and transporting of alcohol 19th Amendment: Passed in 1919, it outlawed the making, selling, and transporting of alcohol