1. Roots of Progressivism Chapter 15 Section 1

2. Who were the Progressives Progressivism is a reaction against laissez – faire economics Industrialization and urbanization had created many social problems Believed that government should take a more active role in solving society’s problems

3. Muckrakers Group of journalists who investigated social conditions and political corruption Given the name because they scraped up the filth on the ground ignoring everything else – Jacob Riis Published photographs and descriptions of poverty, disease, and crime in immigrant neighborhoods

4. Making Government Efficient Frederick W. Taylor – The Principles of Scientific Management – A company could increase efficiency by managing time, breaking tasks down into small parts Saw corruption in government where most positions were given to people to supporters and friends 2 things to do – Council manager system – Divided the city into several departments under an expert commissioners control

5. Democratic Reforms Direct Primary – Requiring all members to vote for a candidate to run in the general election Initiative – Permitted a group of citizens t introduce legislations Referendum – Allowed citizens to vote on proposed laws directly without going to the legislature Recall – Option to demand a special election to remove an elected official from office before his or her term had expired

6. Democratic Reforms Direct Election of Senators – 17 th Amendment

7. Suffrage Early Problems – Some people threatened women suffragists by saying they were unfeminine and immoral – 14 th and 15 th amendment gave rights to African Americans – 2 groups Group 1 – Focus on passing a constitutional amendment Group 2 – Convince state governments to give women voting rights before trying to amend the constitution

8. Suffrage Building Support – National Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA) – Carrie Chapman Catt – 1918 House of Representatives passed a women’s suffrage amendment – it failed by 2 votes in the senate – 19 th Amendment – Gave Women the right to vote – FINALLY!!!

9. Reforming Society Child Labor – Muckraker John Spargo wrote a book called The Bitter Cry of the Children Told stories of children aged 9 and 10 working in coal mines as “breaker boys” who separated the slag out of the coal – States began passing laws that set a minimum age for employment and hours allowed to work

10. Health and Safety Codes Progressive Leaders wanted compensations for injured workers Lochner vs. New York (1905) – New York made a law forbidding bakers to work more than 10 hours a day – Supreme Court declared it Unconstitutional Muller vs. Oregon – Oregon limited the number of hours that women could work in laundries – Supreme Court upheld this because of gender

11. Health and Safety Codes Progressives also favored: – Zoning Laws – method of protecting the public Laws divided the city into zones for commercial, residential – Building Codes Set minimum standards for light, air, room size, sanitation, and required buildings to have fire escapes – Health Codes Required restaurants and other facilities to keep a clean environment

12. Prohibition Movement Progressives believed alcohol explained a lot of the social problems Wages were spent on alcohol Temperance Movement – advocated that people stop alcohol consumption – Mainly a woman’s movement – Urged prohibition to be passed which would ban the manufacture, sale and consumption of the alcohol

13. Progressives Versus Big Businesses Progressives believed: – Government should break up big companies to restore competition – Socialism Government should own and operate industry This idea did not go far – Americans enjoyed free enterprise more