1. The Progressive Era “Welcome to the jungle.” --Guns N Roses
“Let the rain fall down / I’m coming clean”
--Hilary Duff
“Don’t call it a comeback”
--LL Cool J

2. The Progressive Era
Industrialization creates crowded cities, bad working conditions, and failing political systems
These problems give rise to the Progressive Movement in which fixing social, political and economic issues take center stage.

3. The Progressive Era Issues Dangerous working conditions Child Labor
Long hours, low wages, no job security, no benefits
Equal access to employment and pay for women
Goals of Progressive Movement
Government controlled by the people
Guaranteed economic opportunities through government regulation
Elimination of social injustices

4. Cleaning Up the Muck
Muckrakers – journalists who exposed corruption in government, business and society
Ex: Ida Tarbell – exposed Standard Oil Company as corrupt monopoly
Ex: Upton Sinclair – wrote The Jungle (1906) as exposé on working conditions in Chicago’s meat factories, but gets more attention for the horrible conditions of food preparation
Responsible for getting Pure Food and Drug Act and the Meat Inspection Act passed in 1906 after President Roosevelt read the book

5. Political Reforms = power to voters
Direct primaries –people choose candidates for elections rather than party officials (to prevent political machines)
Secret ballot - voters' choices are confidential to ensure bribery and intimidation don’t influence the voter
Initiative- a bill that is launched by the citizens rather than legislators (citizens creating laws)
Referendum - citizens challenge a law passed by the state legislature or local body
Recall- removing a public official from office before her term was up

6. African Americans and Progressivism
Booker T. Washington - way to equality is through vocational education and economic success
Founded Tuskegee Institute to teach these skills
Accepted social separation of races
Atlanta Compromise Speech (1895) - blacks should accept the treatment of Southern whites
W.E.B. Dubois supported political equality believing blacks should use the courts to fight for their rights
Education meaningless without equality
Niagara Movement (1905) – a movement to stop social injustices such as segregation and disenfranchisement of African Americans, led to creation of the NAACP

7. Despite efforts of Washington and Dubois, blacks made little success in the late 19th and early 20th centuries
So, Southern blacks moved to northern cities for jobs to escape the poverty and discrimination in the South - Great Migration