Warm-Up Complete on blank sheet of paper will collect this week’s warm-ups. What injuries do you know of?
Review What is the agonist muscle vs antagonist? What is a good method of stretching? Why are pre-participation exams important? What type of athlete would be fast oxidative? Which type of contraction would you use in early rehab stages? Why?
With New Seatmates…. Talk about what you did over spring break and partner/s will have to relate 5 things you did to what we have learned in class.
INJURY RECOGNITION UNIT Injury Assessment, Recognition, and Management Sports Medicine INJURY RECOGNITION UNIT Injury Assessment, Recognition, and Management
Types of injury Acute injury: An injury that is immediate in nature and caused by trauma What are examples of acute injuries?
Types of injury Chronic Injury: Results from overuse, and is caused by repetitive activity. What could be an example of this type of injury?
Injurious Mechanical Forces Sports Medicine Compression Force that results in a crush of (soft) tissue usually resulting in a contusion (bruise). Or fractures to bone
Injurious Mechanical Forces Sports Medicine Compression
Injurious Mechanical Forces Sports Medicine Compression
Injurious Mechanical Forces Sports Medicine Tension Force that stretches tissue up to and beyond its yield point usually resulting in sprains (ligament) or strains (muscle/tendon).
Injurious Mechanical Forces Sports Medicine Tension
Injurious Mechanical Forces Sports Medicine Shearing Force that is exerted across parallel organization of fibers usually resulting in sprains (ligament) or strains (muscle/tendon) or fractures.
Injurious Mechanical Forces Sports Medicine Shearing
Warm-Up What is the worst injury you have experienced? How did it happen?
Review What is the difference between acute and chronic injuries? What are the 3 injury mechanical forces? What injuries can come from them?
ACUTE MUSCLE INJURIES Sports Medicine Contusion- caused by what mechanical force? Bruise Depth of which is related to the compressive force applied.
ACUTE MUSCLE INJURIES Sports Medicine Contusion
ACUTE JOINT INJURIES Sprains- 1st, 2nd, 3rd deg Sports Medicine Sprains- 1st, 2nd, 3rd deg Stretch or tear of ligament tissue. Ligaments connect bone to bone 1st Degree- stretched but not torn 2nd Degree- torn but still intact 3rd Degree- Ruptured or completely torn
ACUTE JOINT INJURIES Sprains- 1st, 2nd, 3rd deg Sports Medicine Sprains- 1st, 2nd, 3rd deg Stretch or tear of ligament tissue. Ligaments connect bone to bone
ACUTE JOINT INJURIES Sprains Sports Medicine Sprains Stretch or tear of ligament tissue. Ligaments connect bone to bone
ACUTE MUSCLE INJURIES Strain- Sports Medicine Strain- Stretch, tear, or rupture of muscle or tendon. Strains- 1st, 2nd, 3rd deg 1st Degree- stretched but not torn 2nd Degree- torn but still intact 3rd Degree- Ruptured or completely torn
ACUTE MUSCLE INJURIES Strain Sports Medicine Strain Stretch, tear, or rupture of muscle or tendon.
ACUTE MUSCLE INJURIES Muscle Cramp Sports Medicine Muscle Cramp Muscle in spasm that will not relax.
CHRONIC MUSCLE INJURIES Sports Medicine Myositis Inflammation of muscle tissue.
CHRONIC MUSCLE INJURIES Sports Medicine Tendonitis Inflammation of a tendon.
CHRONIC MUSCLE INJURIES Sports Medicine Bursitis Inflammation of a bursa.
Warm-Up Why do you think it is important to know pulses and different locations to find them?
Review What is the difference between a dislocation and subluxation? What are 2 different types of fractures? What type of fracture is not acute? What is apophysitis? What is an example of an apophyseal injury?
Pulses Pulse or heart rate is the number of times your heart beats a minute. For teens average resting pulse rate would be between 50-90, adults are 60-80. Use 2-3 fingers when measuring pulse. DO NOT USE THUMB
Pulse Rates Tachycardia: very rapid pulse rates: usually over 100 beats per minute Bradycardia: slow pulse rates less than 60 beats per minute. Not always bad, very fit adults can have pulses less than 60. Not bad as long as symptoms aren’t present with it. Guinness world record for slowest heart rate is 27 bpm With your table, use your phones and identify 3 causes of tachycardia and 2 causes of bradycardia
Pulses Carotid Pulse- Neck (between muscles and throat) ______________ bpm/pulse rate Supplies blood to the head, neck and brain
Pulses Brachial Pulse- upper arm (between Bicep and Triceps) _____________ bpm/pulse rate Supplies blood to the arm/hand
Pulses Radial Pulse- Wrist (Anterior Lateral side) ______________ bpm/pulse rate Supplies blood to the hand
Pulses Femoral Pulse- in groin- Anterior medial side. ______________ bpm/pulse rate Supplies blood to the thigh & lower leg
Pulses in the foot/ankle Where are your dorsal pedal pulse and posterior tibial pulse located?
Partner up: pull out 1 sheet of notebook paper We will measure our partners carotid and radial pulse. First we will measure it for 15 seconds and do math Next we will measure for the whole minute Then we will switch groups do some moderate activity and measure again.
Pulses and injuries Talk with your table and think about when you would check for pulse with an injury?
Warm-Up What type of injuries do you think are most severe or worrisome? Why?
Review Which mechanical force is likely to cause a contusion or can cause a fracture? Explain how the tension mechanical force works and what injuries it may lead to? What is shearing mechanical force? Differentiate between acute and chronic injuries. (example of each) What are the degrees of sprains/strains If I have damage to a joint will it be a strain or a sprain?
For Video Write what the injury was and what type of mechanical force you think lead to the injury. If not working on the video: Using books or internet; identify the type of mechanical force, structures involved, and the mechanism of injury for the injuries listed.
Elbow dislocation Shoulder dislocation Patella dislocation Tibiofemoral dislocation Lateral malleolus fracture
Warm-Up Can anything be done to help prevent injuries like sprains and strains or fractures from occurring?
Review What are the 3 mechanical forces? What injuries are associated with each? If someone ruptured their Achilles tendon, what would that be classified as? What is the term for inflammation of a muscle? Is that acute or chronic?
ACUTE JOINT INJURIES Dislocations Sports Medicine Dislocations Dislocation is displacement (joint comes out of place) of the bone ends that articulate to form a joint.
ACUTE JOINT INJURIES Sports Medicine Dislocations
ACUTE JOINT INJURIES Sports Medicine Dislocations
Subluxation A partial dislocation. The joint begins to dislocate but does not completely dislocate.
Warm-Up What types of fractures do you know of?
Review What pulse do you check to make sure blood is going to the brain? What are 2 pulses in the arm? What are 2 pulses in the leg? What is a normal pulse rate? What is it called when pulse rate is too high? 1 cause What is it called when pulse rate is too low? 1 cause Why do you need to check distal pulse with a dislocation?
CHRONIC MUSCLE INJURIES Sports Medicine Myositis Ossificans Inflammation of muscle tissue resulting in mineral deposits within muscle.
CHRONIC JOINT INJURY Arthritis (Osteoarthritis) Sports Medicine Arthritis (Osteoarthritis) Inflammation of bone ends that articulate to form a joint. Bone ends are covered by hyaline (articular) cartilage.
CHRONIC JOINT INJURY Arthritis (Osteoarthritis) Rheumatoid Sports Medicine Arthritis (Osteoarthritis) Rheumatoid
BONE INJURY CLASSIFICATION Sports Medicine Acute Fracture Break in the bone’s integrity.
BONE INJURY CLASSIFICATION Sports Medicine Avulsion Fracture Fracture at the cortex (attachment) of a ligament or tendon.
BONE INJURY CLASSIFICATION Sports Medicine Apophyseal Injury/Apophysitis Occurs at origin (proximal) and/or insertion (distal) of tendons. MOI is overuse as excessive traction is placed on immature cortex (bone attachment). Can lead to bone swelling and calcification (bump on bone where tendon attaches) *Sever's Disease, *Osgood-Schlatters Disease)
Sports Medicine Apophyseal Injury
BONE INJURY CLASSIFICATION Sports Medicine Stress Fracture MOI is often times result of overuse causing fracture site distinguishable through serial x-ray. Common locations include lower leg, metatarsals.
BONE INJURY CLASSIFICATION Sports Medicine Stress Fracture
BONE INJURY CLASSIFICATION Sports Medicine Blow- Out Fracture Fracture site is located in the bony floor of the orbit (eye).
Individually Come up with a sports specific scenario for the following injuries to occur: Myositis Ossificans Avulsion Fracture (identify which muscle pulls on which bone) Colle’s Fracture Acute fracture Blow-out fracture Stress fracture Dislocation