1. Sports Medicine
Elbow

2. Warm Up
What are the three bones that make up the arm?
3 minutes

3. Follow-up Assignment What three articulations make up the elbow joint?
Read pages and answer the following questions?
What three articulations make up the elbow joint?
What bones make up each joint?
What type of articulation is the elbow?
What muscles flex the elbow?

4. Arm Anatomy Three bones make up the arm: The has three basic joints.
_________
The has three basic joints.
Shoulder
Glenohumeral
Elbow
___________
___________ (Proximal and Distal)
Wrist

5. The Elbow Joint Three articulations
______________: formed by the proximal end of the ulna (trochlear notch) with the distal end of the humerus (trochlea).
_____________: formed by the proximal end of the radius with the distal end of the humerus (capitulum).
Both make up a ___________ joint.
_________________: Formed by the proximal end of the radius and ulna.
____________ joint

6. Assignment Copy Table 20.1 into your notes from page 417. Muscle
Function
Brachialis
Triceps Brachii (3 Heads)
Biceps Brachii (2 Heads)
Anconeus
Brachioradialis

7. Upper Arm Muscular Anatomy

8. Elbow Joint
Humeroradial and Humeroulnar
Proximal Radioulnar

9. Elbow Anatomy

10. Anterior Elbow Musculature

11. Posterior Elbow Musculature

12. Elbow Stability _________collateral ligament (_________ Force)
The elbow is stabilized by two ligaments:
_________collateral ligament (_________ Force)
__________ collateral ligament (_________ Force)

13. Medial Elbow Ligaments

14. Lateral Elbow Ligaments

15. Elbow Injuries Common in sports. Range from strains to dislocations.
Movement of the Elbow
__________________ (Humeroulnar & Humeroradial)
________________ (Radioulnar)
Forces on the Elbow
___________ Force: Position of a body part that is bent medially.
___________ Force: Position of a body part that is bent laterally.

16. Assignment
Define olecranon bursitis. What is the most common mechanism of injury? How would you treat it?
What is an Ulnar nerve Contusion? What is the common term used to describe this injury? Where is this nerve located? What are the signs and symptoms of this injury?
What is epicondylitis? What structures and tissue are involved? What are some common names given to this injury? What are the signs and symptoms of this injury? How would you treat it?
What is the most common cause of a ligament sprain in the elbow? What are the signs and symptoms of a ligament sprain?What are the special test used to determine which ligament is injured?
What is the mechanism of injury for an elbow dislocation? What are the signs and symptoms? How would you treat this injury?
Which structures are usually involved in an elbow fracture? (Be specific) What is the primary mechanism of injury for an elbow fracture? What should be monitored during transportation to the hospital? What is a Volkmann’s contracture?

17. Olecranon Bursitis Common injury.
Due to the lack of protective equipment.
Mechanism of Injury
__________blow to the olecranon process.
Signs and Symptoms
Swelling and discoloration over posterior elbow
Point tenderness
______________skin temperature
Treatment
Ice bag
Refer to physician to rule out fracture.

18. Olecranon Bursitis

19. Epicondylitis
Chronic strain and inflammation of the muscles of the forearm at their __________ on the ___________ of the elbow.

20. Common Names __________ Elbow: (Medial) _____________ Elbow: (Medial)

21. Mechanism of Injury _______________ Poor or incorrect technique
Too many pitches
Too many shots taken
Poor or incorrect technique
Muscle ________________
Insufficient conditioning
_________________ equipment.
Too small of a racquet

22. Signs and Symptoms
Pain over either the __________ or __________ epicondyle.
Point tenderness over the wrist _______________ or wrist _______________.
Pain during _____________ wrist flexion or extension.
Swelling over the affected epicondyle.
_______________

23. Treatment Determine the ____________ Ice Rest Anti-inflammatory drugs
Reduces participation
Discontinued participation for a time period.
Anti-inflammatory drugs
Therapeutic Modalities
Rehabilitation exercises.***
Support Brace
Refer to physician in severe cases.

24. Scenario Assignment
A 15 year old golfer reports to the athletic training room complaining of medial elbow pain. She states that she does not remember doing anything to cause her arm to start hurting. She has pain and weakness with wrist flexion and pronation. You also notice some mild swelling over the medial epicondyle. She states that the pain gets worse during her golf swing.
What injury are you most likely dealing with? Why?

25. Elbow Sprains Mechanism of Injury
Falling __________ with the elbow locked in ____________.
___________
Varus and Valgus Stresses (with elbow locked into extension)
Signs and Symptoms
Mild swelling and localized pain
Difficulty ___________
Pain during function

26. Treatment of Elbow Sprain
Discontinue activity
Apply ice and Compression. (Cover the __________ nerve)
Apply sling and swathe
Refer to physician

27. Elbow Dislocation

28. Elbow Dislocations Mechanism of Injury Signs and Symptoms
Fall with the elbow in either a hyperextended or flexed position.
Anything that causes the radius and ulna to driven posterior.
Signs and Symptoms
Gross __________ of the elbow.
Severe pain and total __________ of the elbow
Possible ___________ symptoms involving the _____________ nerve.

29. Treatment of Elbow Dislocations
Immediate application of ice.
Splint the elbow and wrist on both the anterior and posterior sides.
Treat for shock
Refer to physician for immediate reduction.

30. Reading Assignment
Please read the section titled “Elbow Fractures” on pages and answer the following questions:
Which structures are usually involved in an elbow fracture? (Be specific)
What is a Volkmann’s contracture?
What should be monitored during transportation to the hospital?
What is the primary mechanism of injury for an elbow fracture?

31. Elbow Fractures
Involve the _________ humerus, the __________ radius and ulna.
Can develop serious complications due to the ______________structures that are located in the area.

32. Volkmann’s Contracture
Volkmann’s Contracture: _______________ of the muscles of the forearm related to a loss of ________ supply caused by a fracture and/or dislocation of either the radius and ulna or the humerus.
If left untreated it can become ____________.

33. Elbow Fractures Mechanism of Injury Signs and Symptoms
Falling on the elbow in a _________ position (Olecranon Process)
Falling back on an _______________ elbow.
Signs and Symptoms
History of significant trauma to the elbow.
Immediate swelling
Obvious ___________ (Displaced Fracture or Volkmann’s Contracture)
Possible _______________ symptoms

34. Treatment of Elbow Fractures
Apply ice immediately. (Avoid ______________)
Apply splint _______________.
Monitor blood flow __________ to fracture.
Treat for shock and arrange for transport to medical facility.