1. © 2010 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. RECOGNITION OF SPORTS INJURIES

2. © 2010 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.  Injuries are inevitable  Either acute or chronic in nature  Acute injuries  Result of trauma  Chronic  Caused by repetitive, overuse activities Athletic Injuries

3. © 2010 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Acute Injuries: Causes Direct Trauma Awkward Steps/Landing

4. © 2010 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Strength/Balance training Acute Injuries: Prevention Protective equipment Playing surface Teaching proper hitting, falling, landing

5. © 2010 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Chronic Injuries Causes: Sudden changes in training  Shoes, surface, intensity, mileage Poor biomechanics  Running/throwing form, muscle imbalances Inadequate warm-up Poor nutrition Prevention: Integrate changes slowly Have coach/expert assess biomechanics  Pay attention to tight muscles, soreness Proper warm-up Consult a nutritionist or nutrition software

6. © 2010 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Chronic Injuries  Inflammation  Must occur to initiate healing  Can become chronic  Source of irritation is not removed  Tissue remains weak

7. © 2010 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Acute vs. Chronic Hints  Occur all at once  Fractures  Sprains  Dislocations AcuteChronic  Occur over time  Usually ends in:  “itis”  “Osis’”

8. © 2010 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Acute vs. Chronic ____ Ankle Fracture ____ Wrist Sprain ____ Osteoarthritis ____ Elbow Dislocation ____ Achilles Tendonitis ____ Biceps Tenosynovitis ____ Shoulder Subluxation ____ Osteitis Pubis ____ Stress Fracture ____ Concussion

9. © 2010 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Acute vs. Chronic ____ Osteochondritis ____ Spinal Cord Rupture ____ Hamstring Strain ____ Labral Tear ____ Elbow Bursitis ____ Neuritis ____ Bloody Nose ____ Plantar Fasciitis ____ Myositis Ossificans ____ ACL Tear

10. © 2010 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Fractures

11. © 2010 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Fractures GreenstickComminutedLinear TransverseObliqueSpiral

12. © 2010 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Fractures

13. © 2010 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.  Healing of a Fracture  Require immobilization  6 weeks for bones of arms and legs  3 weeks for bones of hands and feet  Following cast removal  Normal stresses aid in healing Fractures

14. © 2010 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Sprains DamageEnd-Feel Pain, Swelling I II III

15. © 2010 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Sprains

16. © 2010 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Strains DamageROM Pain, Swelling I II III

17. © 2010 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.  Healing process is very slow  Needs optimal environment  Peripheral nervous system (limbs):  Environment ideal for healing  Central nervous system (brain & spinal cord):  Healing almost impossible Nerve Injuries