Cold War Conflicts Chapter 18
Tensions During War Stalin was Hitler’s ally Allies took too long to attack Europe U.S. kept A-Bomb a secret U.N. becomes a tug-of-war
Potsdam Conference U.S. & Soviets lone world powers Stalin is only one left from Yalta Stalin & Truman both change policy
Truman Doctrine Policy of Containing Communism U.S. must help people resist takeovers from minorities or outside groups $400 million to Greece & Turkey
The Marshall Plan Massive economic aid to Europe ($13 billion) Help rebuild Europe Side effect: contain communism Ensure the health of the economy
George C. Marshall
Berlin Airlift (6/48)
N.A.T.O. North Atlantic Treaty Org. Military support Standing military of 500,000 First ever alliance in peacetime for U.S.
Chiang Kai-shek in Taiwan
Mao Zedong
Korea Prior to 1945 Division
Beginnings U.S. and Soviets both fought there in WWII. Divide Korea in two. Kim Il-Sung in North Syngman Rhee in South
Kim Il Sung
Syngman Rhee
Korean War
The War North invades June 25, 1950 U.S. intervenes with U.N. support. By end of July, Northern forces near the Southern coast. (Pusan) McArthur attacks behind them.
American Soldiers July, 1950
War Continues From Inchon regain Seoul very quickly North Koreans flee Truman decides to invade. McArthur promises to have the soldiers home by Christmas
Bombed bridges on the Yalu River. China now enters the war. March 1951 troops back at the 38th Parallel. McArthur gets ticked
McArthur Fired Wanted to use the atomic bomb Go after China Blames Truman for stalemate. Would not follow orders McArthur gets a hero’s welcome
Aftermath of McArthur Problem Truman looks bad Loses support None of his domestic policies seemed to work Nation looks for a new leader
Korean War Monument, near Demilitarized Zone
End of Korean War Ike goes to Korea Sees there is a stalemate Peace talks were also at a stalemate Increases bombing Warns of atomic bomb
Cont’d July 27, 1953 Armistice is signed. 54,000 Americans, over 1 million Koreans died. War seemed like a waste of time, money, and people.
C.W. In the U.S. Loyalty Review Board (3/47) Investigate suspicious employees House Un-American Activities Committee Check Communism in Hollywood
Alger Hiss
McCarthyism Accuses 205 people from the State Department. Blames them for China being Communist Focused on wealth and privilege No accusations were based on facts!
Joseph McCarthy
McCarthy Hearings
End of McCarthyism Charges got worse, accused the army of being full of communists. The Army-McCarthy Hearings McCarthy gets his due thanks to the army lawyer: Joseph Welch
McCarthy accuses Welch
The Nuclear Age America was afraid of a nuclear war Creates Hydrogen Bomb. 67 times more destructive than Little Boy U.S. gets ahead of Soviets again.
Nevada Test Site, 1951-1962
Other Entanglements Iran and oil Hungarian Revolt v.s. Soviets Suez Canal Crisis Eisenhower Doctrine U-2 Incident
Gamal Abdel Nasser
Nikita Khrushchev
SPACE RACE TAKES OFF!!!!!!
Sputnik 1 (October 4, 1957)
Orson Welles
Humphrey Bogart
John Wayne
Josh Gibson
Satchel Paige
Jackie Robinson
Joe Louis
Death of Bugsy