The Civil War

Causes of the American Civil War Slavery – should Western states be “free” or “slave” states? Union (North) – contain or abolish Confederacy (South) – proslavery 2. Sectionalism – loyal to state rather than to country Federalism VS States’ Rights North – Federal Gov. most power South – State Gov. most power

Causes of the Civil War continued… Failure to Compromise – North – larger population so should have more power in the government South – wants equal representation Election of Abraham Lincoln leads South to secede 5. Fort Sumter 1861 – Confederates (South) fire on Union (North) troops in South Carolina

Advantages of the North & South CONFEDERATES Better military leaders Fighting on home soil Fighting to keep their own way of life UNION Larger population More factories More Railroads Effective Navy both sides are NOT prepared for war

CIVIL WAR PEOPLE Abraham Lincoln – USA president Jefferson Davis – Confederate States President Ulysses S. Grant – Union General captured Mississippi River during Vicksburg battle William T. Sherman – Union General that used “Total War” Robert E. Lee – Confederate General Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson – Conf. hero at Bull Run Clara Barton –Union nurse, founded Red Cross

Abraham Lincoln President of the U.S.A.             Abraham Lincoln President of the U.S.A.

President Jefferson Davis

Ulysses S. Grant

Robert E. Lee

William T. Sherman

Clara Barton

Civil War Battles Battle of Bull Run (1861) 1st major battle Near Washington D.C. Confederate victory Showed both sides war would be long & bloody Battle of Antietam (Sept. 17, 1862) Confederates 1st attempt to invade North Bloodiest day of war (23,000 killed/wounded) Neither side wins General Lee leads Confederates

Grant wants control of Mississippi River Union forces siege Vicksburg Battle of Vicksburg (1863) Grant wants control of Mississippi River Union forces siege Vicksburg After 6 weeks Vicksburg surrenders North wins and South is divided Battle of Gettysburg (July 1-3, 1863) Fought in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania General Lee and Pickett’s Charge Union victory & turning point of Civil War Gettysburg Address

Some Civil War Related Vocab: Civil War – citizens of the same country fighting each other Union – a group, the Northern states during C.W. Confederates – people from the Confederacy Confederacy – name for Southern states, as a separate country, during C.W. Confederate States of America - name for Southern states, as a separate country, during C.W.

Manufacture – make products to sell Agriculture – farming Secede – state becomes disloyal to country Secession – what Southern states did during C.W. Fugitive Slave Laws - run away slaves must be returned Abolish – to end or stop something Abolitionist – person against slavery

Compromise - come to an agreement Kansas-Nebraska Act - cancels Missouri Compromise and slavery decision based on popular sovereignty Missouri Compromise -1820 “Louisiana purchase” land to north of Missouri’s southern border is free of slavery and Maine is free and Missouri is slave state Dred Scott case: Scott not free because slaves are not citizens, they are property and have no rights

Uncle Tom’s Cabin – book about evils of slavery Emancipate – to set free Emancipation: gain freedom Emancipation Proclamation: Lincoln says slaves free Racism – thinking one race is better than another Discrimination – treating people differently because of their group

political, social, or economic? Union is preserved (all one country, not divided)

political, social, or economic? Approximately 610,000 Americans killed

political, social, or economic? States’ rights restricted and power of federal government increased

political, social, or economic? Slavery is abolished Emancipation Proclamation (1863 Lincoln) 13th Amendment (1865 slavery in USA illegal)

political, social, or economic? The South is destroyed (land, buildings, farms, bridges, etc…)

political, social, or economic? plan for Unification & Reconstruction is needed

Political results of Civil War Power of the federal government grew One country (not USA and CSA) Congress wants to help African Americans Economic results of Civil War 1. Southern land destroyed 2. No slaves 3. Northern economy doing well, factories growing Social results of Civil War 1. Bitter feelings between N. and S. 2. Millions of African Americans were free from slavery (Freedmen) 3. Different races learning to live and work together

Johnson’s plan = Plan that went into effect Lincoln’s Plan 10% Plan Easy on the South Abolish slavery 10% of voters in southern states had to swear an oath of loyalty to the US John Wilkes Booth Fords Theater Johnson’s plan = Plan that went into effect over 50% of voters in southern states had to take oath of loyalty Allowed ex- confederates to vote and hold government offices

Congress’s Plan = called the Wade – Davis Bill 50% of voters in southern states had to swear an oath of loyalty to the US Abolish slavery Denied right to vote or hold office to ex-confederates

some Reconstruction related vocab: Freedmen – former slaves Radical Republicans – want drastic change and to punish South Scalawags – nickname for Southerns who didn’t agree with Southern traditions Southern Democrats - Southerners who had power before the war and were re-elected to the new government , wanted south to change as little as possible Freedmen’s Bureau - provided food, clothing, schools, & job training for people in the south – most went to white southerners Carpetbaggers Northerners who went to the South after the Civil War to make money or gain power

Gave all black men the right to vote 13th amendment abolished slavery in the United States led to sharecropping and black codes 14th amendment Gave citizenship to all people born in the US and said all people should be treated equally Led to Jim Crow Laws and Plessy vs. Ferguson 15th Amendment Gave all black men the right to vote Led to Poll taxes, Literacy tests, and grandfather clauses

Poll taxes: required to pay a fee to vote Literacy test – had to pass written test in order to vote Grandfather clause – didn’t have to take literacy test if grandfather voted in 1867 Black Codes: laws that limited the rights of blacks; example - blacks could not own guns or vote, & blacks could only work as laborers Sharecropping: blacks worked the land of white planters, but received as payment only a share of the crops they harvested & went in debt to owners for materials needed

Plessy vs. Ferguson (1896): Supreme Court case that said segregation was legal if “separate but equal” facilities exist Jim Crow Laws – segregation rules listing all places that would be legally segregated for each state

Political Conflicts Impeachment of President Johnson - Radical Republicans try to remove President Johnson from office… failed by one vote Election of 1876 secret deal: If a republican (Rutherford B. Hayes) became President, the North will leave the South alone What happens?...Rutherford B. Hayes became president and reconstruction ends