Immigration and Urbanization p. 252-271

p. 254-257 The new immigrants

Objectives Identify immigrants’ countries of origin. Describe the journey immigrants endured and their experience at United States Immigration stations. Examine the causes and effects of the nativists’ anti-immigration sentiments.

Through the “Golden Door” Europeans Over population Europe doubles in size from 1800-1900 Less land Less jobs 1870-1920 ~20 million immigrants Pre 1890 Most immigrants were from Western and Northern Europe Push Factors

Through the “Golden Door” Chinese and Japanese Came in smaller numbers 1848 Gold rush Rail workers Farmers Miners Domestic servants Congressional Act 1882

Through the “Golden Door” The West Indies and Mexico Also small numbers Push factor Domestic turmoil Pull factor New farmland ~7% of the Mexican population came to the U.S.

Life in the New Land A Difficult Journey From Europe From Asia 1 week From Asia 3 weeks Steerage Cramp Crowded Poor sanitation Disease/death

Life in the New Land Ellis Island About 20% detained ~2% denied entry Physical exam Government Inspector Documentation No felons Could work Had some money ($25) Est. 17 million immigrants passed through Ellis Island

Life in the New Land ~50,000 Chinese immigrants Harsh questioning Angel Island ~50,000 Chinese immigrants Harsh questioning Long detentions

Life in the New Land Ethic communities Now needed Cooperation for Survival Now needed Place to live A job Learn a new language Culture Ethic communities Pulled money to build churches and synagagues Social clubs Aid socities

Immigration Restrictions The Rise of Nativism Melting Pot A mixture of people different culture and races who blended together Nativism Overt favoritism towards native born Americans

Immigration Restrictions Anti-Asian Sentiment The Gentlemen’s Agreement Labor movement feared jobs would go to Chinese because they would work for lower wages Chinese Exclusion Act 1882 Only Teachers Merchants Tourists Government officials Intended to last 10 years Repealed 1943 Japanese government would limit immigration of unskilled workers U.S. would not segregate San Francisco schools