ORGANIC COMPOUNDS The Chemistry of LIFE!!.

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Presentation transcript:

ORGANIC COMPOUNDS The Chemistry of LIFE!!

All living organisms require 4 types of Organic Compounds: Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic Acids **All contain**: Carbon Hydrogen Oxygen

1. Carbohydrates All carbs contain C,H,O in a 1:2:1 ratio Functions: Energy & structural support Exist as: Monosaccharides Disaccharides polysaccharides

Monosaccharide “simple sugar” 3 Forms Glucose - manufactured by plants during photosynthesis. Main source of energy for both plants & animals. 2. Fructose - found in fruits; Sweetest!! 3. Galactose – found in milk and is usually found in combination with glucose or fructose. These are ISOMERS – same chemical formula but different structures.

Disaccharide “double sugar” 3 Forms Sucrose – Table Sugar glucose + fructose Maltose - Malt Sugar glucose + glucose Lactose – Milk Sugar glucose + galactose

Polysaccharide “Many Sugars” 3 Forms – All composed of repeating units of glucose. Glycogen – Energy storage in animals. (Liver & Muscles) Starch - Energy storage in plants (Roots, Stems, Leaves) Cellulose - Gives strength & rigidity to plant cell (Fiber  Prevents Colon Cancer)

http://science.nhmccd.edu/BioL/dehydrat/dehydrat.html

Dehydration Synthesis: removal of water to build bonds Hydrolysis: break bonds using water