1. COMPOUNDS THAT CONTAIN CARBON
1. ORGANIC MOLECULES
COMPOUNDS THAT CONTAIN CARBON
CO2 IS THE EXCEPTION
THERE ARE MILLIONS OF ORGANIC COMPOUND COMBINATION
WHY? (HINT: IMAGINE A CARBON ATOM AND THINK OF BONDING)

2. Each Electron on the valance shell is a Potential?
BOND 1. 2. 4. 3.

3. IV. COMPOUNDS OF LIFE http://www. pbs
THERE ARE FOUR GROUPS OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS FOUND IN LIVING THINGS:
CARBOHYDRATES
LIPIDS
PROTEINS
NUCLEIC ACID
Serving Sizes

4. OUR BODY REQUIRES IT FOR ENERGY
WHY EAT CARBS?
OUR BODY REQUIRES IT FOR ENERGY

5. 1. CARBOHYDRATES
COMPOSED OF CARBON, HYDROGEN, AND OXYGEN (1:2:1 RATIO)
C6H12O6 –GLUCOSE MONOSACCHARIDE
3 TYPES -SUGAR, STARCH, AND FIBER
SIMPLE FORM KNOWN AS MONOSACCHARIDE
COMPLEX FORM KNOWN AS POLYSACCHARIDE

6. MONOSACCHARIDES
GLUCOSE
FRUCTOSE
GALACTOSE

7. DEHYDRATION SYNTHESIS (REMOVE H2O) CREATES Disaccharides
B. MAKING LARGER SUGARS BY POLYMERIZATION Link for dehydration synthesis & hydrolysis
DEHYDRATION SYNTHESIS (REMOVE H2O)
CREATES Disaccharides
Glucose + fructose = sucrose + water
Glucose + galactose = lactose + water
Glucose + glucose = maltose + water
2 MONOSACCHARIDES = 1 DISACCHARIDE
Dimers
Monomers

8. Bonding Dehydration Synthesis- Removing H2O Two Monomers (glucose & fructose) become a Dimer (sucrose)

9. ADDING WATER BREAKS UP POLYMERS
Breaking down molecules bonds HYDROLYSIS add H2O example a dimer(sucrose) becomes 2 monomers glucose & fructose
ADDING WATER BREAKS UP POLYMERS

10. C. POLYSACCHARIDES ARE BIG CARBS.
GIANT POLYMERS OF THOUSANDS OF LINKED MONOSACCHARIDES -glucose
A STORAGE PRODUCT WHICH CAN BE BROKEN DOWN INTO MONOSACCHARIDES.

11. TYPES OF PLANT POLYSACCHARIDES
1. STARCH: A Polysaccharide (big sugar) STORED IN PLANTS FOR ENERGY USE

12. PLANT POLYSACCHARIDE 2. CELLULOSE: GIVE PLANTS STRENGTH & STRUCTURE
This is also known as Fiber!
Plant cell walls structure of veggies Tree Bark

13. ANIMAL POLYSACCHARIDE
GLYCOGEN: STORED IN MUSCLES AND LIVER OF ANIMALS
Too much can build up to become FAT or can be BROKEN DOWN into GLUCOSE for energy

14. GLYCOGEN IS STORED IN THE LIVER & MUSCLES

15. 3. POLYMERIZATION- A Process of building molecules
BUILDING LARGE COMPOUNDS USING SMALLER COMPOUNDS
MER-MEANS PART
A SINGLE COMPOUND IS A MONOMER
Dimer two monomers
THREE OR MORE COMPOUNDS TOGETHER ARE POLYMERS
MANY POLYMERS ARE KNOWN AS MACROMOLECULES

16. PROTEINS POLYMERS OF AMINO ACIDS LINKED BY PEPTIDE BONDS
Contain -3 parts
1. AN R GROUP (any compound or Element)
2. An Amino (contains Nitrogen)
3. A Carboxyl (COOH/COO)

17. EXAMPLES OF AMINO ACIDS There are just 20 types
Pink Boxes show the R groups

18. PROTEINS HAVE PEPTIDE BONDS Animation of Peptide Bond Formation
TWO bonded AMINO ACIDS is a DIPEPTIDE
MANY bonded AMINO ACIDS is a POLYPEPTIDE
A Polypeptide is a PROTEIN

19. HOW DO WE MAKE AMINO ACIDS BOND?
Dehydration Synthesis!
Remove the H2O

20. FUNCTIONS OF PROTEINS Let’s watch the video
ENZYMES (speed up) CHEMICAL REACTIONS
Reduces the energy needed for the reaction
STRUCTURE-MUSCLES/TISSUES IN BODY
CELL SIGNALING –Tells HORMONES to go from the glands to target organs
TRANSPORT Channels to move items into/out of Cell Membranes
DEFENSE –Immune system, White blood cells in the blood

21. How Enzymes fit to only its specific Substrate http://bcs. whfreeman
Active Site

22. SPECIAL TYPES OF PROTEINS ENZYMES
A PROTEIN THAT INCREASES THE RATE OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS
Each ENZYME has its own SUBSTRATE (molecule) that it fits to
They fit like a LOCK AND KEY…OR PUZZLE PIECES
Where they meet is called THE ACTIVE SITE

23. What can prevent an Enzyme from binding to its substrate?
Heat pH
Changing the active site so binding substrate does not happen

24. Enzymes lower the amount of energy needed in a reaction. http://bcs

25. Active sites