Bell Ringer What does reconstruct mean – after the Civil War. What kind of US would it have been if Lincoln would not have been assassinated?

American History Chapter 5: Reconstruction I. Presidential Reconstruction

Objectives Learn about conditions in the south following the Civil War. Analyze Lincoln’s and Johnson’s Reconstruction plans for similarities. Find out how newly freed slaves began to rebuild their lives.

A) The War’s Aftermath reconstruction: program to repair the damage South and restore the South to the Union. War destroyed 2/3 of South shipping industry, 9,000 miles of rail, farm value fell 70% North lost 364,000 and South 260,000 – 1 out of 3 Southern men killed 4 million freed slaves – hungry, jobless – plantation owners lost 3 billion dollars worth of property – poor white southerner had to move West for new life Should the South be punished? Who is in charge of Reconstruction? President or Congress? How do you protect blacks civil rights? 2) Pardon: official forgiveness of a crime.

B) Lincoln’s and Johnson’s Reconstruction Plans Lincoln (10% plan) Pardon all after oath No pardons to people who killed African Americans After 10% take oath, have a state convention to write new constitution States hold elections and resume being in the Union Johnson Pardon all after oath Hold state constitutional convention without 10% Required to void secession, slavery, and cannot pay back debt. Hold elections and rejoin union. No officers unless ask Johnson personally Hated rich

Congress did no like Lincoln’s plan 3) Radical Republicans: ultra-conservatives – thought Civil War was fought over slavery. Thought Lincoln too lenient – passed Wade-Davis bill – strict – Lincoln pocket vetoed it. 4) Pocket veto: bills that die when Congress is out of session and the president doesn’t sign or veto it.

C) The Taste of Freedom Slaves now have freedom of movement – look for lost family members Have freedom to own land – Sherman tried to give 40 acres of land to ex-slaves – Johnson gave it back. Black churches spring up Freedom to learn – between 1865 – 1870 – black educators founded 30 African American college 5) Freedmen’s Bureau: created to help black southerners adjust to freedom – first major federal relief agency. Gave out clothing, medical supplies, and millions of meals. - received formal education in Bureau schools

Review What condition was the South in following the Civil War? How were Lincoln’s and Johnson’s Reconstruction plans similar? How did the newly freed slaves begin to rebuild their lives?