1. Reconstruction

2. Reconstruction
Period centered around rebuilding the southern economy and reuniting the nation
Key Questions
How should the Southern states be reintegrated into the Union?
What system of labor should replace slavery?
What would be the status of former slaves
What degree of federal control should be imposed on the South?

3. Lincoln’s Plan Began to plan the restoration before assassination
Goal : quickly unite
Ten-Percent Plan
Any southern states with at least 10% of its voters making a pledge to be loyal to the US could be readmitted
Pardon and restore all rights of property
Forgiveness
Criticized as too lenient
Many wanted to punish South
Charles Sumner

5. Wade-Davis Bill Proposed by Radical Republicans
50% of voters in a state had to take an oath of loyalty
Former Confederate gov officials could not vote or hold office
Lincoln used the pocket veto to kill this bill

6. Split in Republican Party
Moderate Republicans
supported more easy readmission of the south
Radical Republicans
South must be punish
Destroy Southern social system
Planter aristocracy should not be reinstated to power
African Americans protected by federal law

7. New Amendments
13th
Abolished slavery – in rebellious southern states
1865
14th
All people born in the US to be citizens and therefore earn rights that citizens
1868
15th
Allows citizens the right to vote regardless of race
1870

8. Andrew Johnson 17th POTUS 1865-1869 Born in NC Democrat for TN
Poor, lacked formal ed
Common man
Supported state’s rights, against secession
Against equality for African Americans
White supremacist
Plan allowed ex confederate officials to come to power
First president to be impeached
One vote away from being removed from office

9. Johnson’s Plan Pardons to former Confederates who pledged loyalty
Returned property to former Confederates
$200,000 in land value
Over 7,000 pardons
Former Confederates soon gained positions in southern governments
Passed black codes that forced African Americans to enter labor contracts and restricted rights
Similar to slavery
Led to Johnson's unpopularity

11. Congress’s Plan Controlled by Republicans
Anti-slavery party
Angry at Johnson for lack of rights given to African Americans
Adopt 14th Amendment
Gives citizenship to African Americans
South was divided into five military districts
10 years
200,000 solders stationed throughout the south to enforce order and carry out laws

12. Freedmen’s Bureau Provides food, clothing, medical care, and education
First federal relief agency ever
Taught over 200,000 African Americans to read

14. Black Codes Established provisions and rules Curfews
Vagrancy laws – could be fined, whipped, or sold, if not working
Labor Contracts
Land restrictions

15. Sharecropping Tenant farmers Paid ½ to 2/3 of their crops
Forced labor or imprisonment = fail to pay

16. Disenfranchisement
Poll taxes
Grandfather Clause
Literacy Tests