Classification of Living Things

What is classification? Classification is the grouping of living organisms according to similar structures and functions.

Early classification systems Aristotle grouped animals according to the way they moved

The modern classification system : Developed by Carolus Linnaeus Consists of 7 levels: Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species

Helpful way to remember the 7 levels King Philip Came Over For Grape Soda. King Philip Came Over For Green Skittles.

Binomial Nomenclature Developed by Carolus Linnaeus Two-name system: First name is the organism’s genus Second name is the organism’s species

Species The smallest group of organisms classified which can interbreed with each other to produce fertile offspring

Six Kingdom System Bacteria Archea Protists Fungi Animals Plants

Bacteria Unicellular, microscopic No nucleus Prokaryotic

Archea Unicellular, microscopic No nucleus Prokaryotic Live in extreme environments

Protists Unicellular; microscopic Nucleus present Eukaryotic Autotrophic or heterotrophic

Fungi Nucleus Eat dead and decaying material Eukaryotic Eat dead and decaying material Reproduce by forming spores

Animals Nucleus Eukaryotic Divided into two groups according to the presence or absence of backbone: Invertebrates : without backbone Vertebrates : with backbone

Invertebrates

Invertebrates

Invertebrates

Vertebrates Divided into 5 groups: Fish Amphibians Reptiles Birds Mammals

Fish Aquatic Cold-blooded Body covered with wet and slimy scales Streamline body for easy movement through water Fins for balance and to control movement Gills for breathing External fertilization

Amphibians Cold-blooded Moist, scaleless skin Limbs present tetrapods Larvae (tadpoles) use gills for breathing; adults use lungs External fertilization

Reptiles Cold-blooded Body covered with dry, hard scales Live on land Breathe with lungs Internal fertilization; lay shelled eggs

Birds Warm-blooded With feathers With wings Beak for feeding Lungs for breathing Internal fertilization; lay shelled eggs

Mammals Warm-blooded Hairs on skin Females have mammary glands for producing milk Lungs for breathing Diaphragm present Internal fertilization; embryos develop inside mothers’ bodies

Plants Nucleus Plants use photosynthesis to produce food from sunlight Eukaryotic Plants use photosynthesis to produce food from sunlight Can be divided into two groups: Non-flowering plants Flowering plants