Reproductive System Headings Vocabulary Important Info

Male Reproductive System Functions: 1) Production of sperm 2) Delivery to female Sperm are produced during Meiosis: takes 74 days to mature: mature male makes 300 million per day Sperm form in Testes in Scrotum Sperm have to be cooler than body temperature They move into Epididymis (coiled tube in scrotum) to mature and be stored

Path of Sperm Testes  Epididymis  Vas Deferens  Seminal Vesicle (to get fluid with fructose)  Urethra  out Urethra also transports urine, but a muscle prevents urine & sperm from mixing Sperm are moved by Peristalsis out of the body Prostate Gland at top of urethra contains alkaline fluid to help sperm move Bulbourethral Gland under prostrate contains alkaline fluid to neutralize acidity in female Sperm + all fluid= Semen Sperm can live 48-72 hours inside a female

Female Reproductive System Functions: 1) Produce eggs 2) Provide environment for a fertilized egg to develop Egg production is in Ovaries: Usually 1 per month released in a series of changes in the female reproductive system Called the Menstrual Cycle Avg. 28 days Goes on from puberty until around 40 years old

Path of Egg: Ovary  Oviduct (cilia and peristaltic contractions move egg)  Uterus  Cervix  (if unfertilized, cycle will start again) If fertilized, egg + sperm = Zygote --> Blastocyte Implantation into: Uterus  Embryo  Fetus Amnion forms around embryo & fills with amniotic fluid Absorbs shock and regulates temperature Allantois forms the umbilical cord Moves nutrients and waste Chorion forms the placenta Exchange point Mother's blood and baby's blood NEVER MIX- nutrients and waste diffuse

Baby’s Growth: Fetus will grow (increase # cells) Develop (cells will form organs) Specialize (do a certain job) Baby is inside mother for apx. 280 days Develops for 266 days or 3 trimesters Hatching Blastocyte Day 5 Human Embryo

1st Trimester: 0-13 Weeks Systems develop Heart beats ~ 25th day Called Embryo until 8 weeks then Fetus Very sensitive to drinking, smoking & drugs Many women don't know they are pregnant Signs of early pregnancy are missed menstrual periods, fatigue, breast enlargement, abdominal distention, and nausea Sex can be determined Fetus~28g and 7.5cm long

2nd Trimester: 14 - 26 Weeks Growth Could live outside of mother Can't maintain body temperature Lungs not mature All systems present Just not mature, very skinny Week 16 Week 19.5 Fetus

3rd Trimester: 27-40 Weeks Mass triples 7th month can move easily 8th eyes open 9th rotates head down End 3300g & 51cm long

Birth - 3 Stages 1) Dilation of cervix-contractions of closed cervix to 10 cm- may take 24 hours or more 2) Expulsion of baby- baby moves through cervix  birth canal (vagina)  out of mother's body- takes 20 min to 1 hour 3) Placental Stage- 10-15 min after birth-placenta and membranes separate from uterus and are expelled ***Placenta/Cord is cut and tied becomes belly button 1 CM 3 CM 5 CM 8 CM

Process of Childbirth 1. Cervix begins to widen and relax a. This can begin to occur up to 3 weeks before birth 2. Mucus Plug is expelled from mother’s body a. Usually occurs 2-3 days before labor 3. Amniotic sac ruptures: “water breaks” a. Usually occurs just before labor begins b. If labor does not begin w/i several hours, it will be Induced

4. Labor begins: process forcing fetus out of body Muscular contractions occur as uterus begins to push fetus down birth canal May last many hours 5. Delivery: passing of child from uterus to external envirn. 6. Umbilical cord is cut and clamped 7. Baby has nose & throat cleared, evaluated & washed 8. Labor will continue until the afterbirth is delivered a. Afterbirth: placenta, any fluids, blood left in uterus are expelled