Social Movements of the 1960’s USH 24: The student will analyze the impact of social change movements and organizations of the 1960’s.

Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) Grows out of the Montgomery Bus Boycott Leader was Dr. King Methods were non-violent; law suits, sit-ins, kneel-ins and wade- ins, boycotts, rallies and marches Mostly from large urban areas middle class and African American Tried to help African Americans register to vote

Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) Grew out of the Sit-in movement in Greensboro North Carolina Woolworth’s Organized more sit-ins and the Freedom Rides Initiated the 1963 March on Washington and Freedom Summer After the CRA and VRA, SNCC started protesting Vietnam Splits with some people moving to Black Power movement

National Organization of Women (NOW) -1966 Civil Rights Act of 1964, Title VII - forbade the discrimination of women EEOC - Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, enforced Title VII, but discrimination still existed, so NOW was formed Women want equality along with men in society Proposed the Equal Rights Amendment, repeal of abortion laws, public funded child-care, end sexual discrimination in hiring, promotion and wages Leaders were Betty Friedan and Dr. Murray

Anti-Vietnam War movement Many groups were against the Vietnam War: Students for a Democratic Society (SDS) make American society liberal, supporters of Civil Rights and active in Freedom Summer Free Speech Movement (FSM) concerned with domestic issues at first

Anti-Vietnam War Movement When the US increased bombings and fighting the SDS and FSM began to protest marches on recruiting depots, “teach-ins”, draft card burning, assisting fleeing to Canada or Sweden and protests at the Pentagon Dr. King and Vietnam Veterans Against the War (VVAW) also protested the Vietnam War

Impact of Vietnam War protests Johnson decides not to pursue re- election the protests become more radical and lose the support of mainstream America However, gains support when Nixon increases bombings in Laos and Cambodia Ex. Kent State Anti-War is major reason US leaves Vietnam

Pentagon Papers Pentagon Papers infuriate the people Papers show Vietnam is unwinnable and US should stay out of Vietnam Also show Johnson lied to American people Nixon did not escape criticisms he promised to end the war, but escalated instead Nixon announces the end of the war

United Farm Workers’ movement (UFW) mostly Hispanic farmers in California wanted better pay and working conditions non-violent Leaders - Cesar Chavez and Dolores Huerta main tactic was to organize and influence elections

Environmental Movement Silent Spring by Rachel Carson was about the effects of pesticides - communities started studying the effects of spraying and dusting Creation of Earth Day - helped create the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) passed the Clean Air Clean Water and Endangered Species

Conservatism Movement Great Depression discredits conservatives government should not solve social and economic problems; i.e. poverty, discrimination and lack of opportunity these should be solved in private sector with little government influence What is this called? Does it work?

Barry Goldwater (1964) and Richard Nixon (1968) Goldwater - anti-union, anti-communist He is what it means to be a conservative Nixon - anti-communist and pro-law- and-order opposed racial integration, denounced the Supreme Court, promised stability and decency and detente (relaxed relations) with Communism he would scale back Great Society and spoke for the “silent majority”

What was an important equal rights issue for women? A. pay equity B. voting rights C. working an 8-hour day D. job protection

A. protesting nuclear testing The book Silent Spring was published in 1962 and had a dramatic impact on political activism in the United States. Which of these might have been a cause inspired by the author, Rachel Carson? A. protesting nuclear testing B. demanding integration of public schools C. suing companies for discriminating against female employees D. forming an environmental club to help clean up polluted lands