The election was not the cause of secession it was but the last feather which you know breaks the camel’s back. Sectional hostility manifested in hostile legislation by states and raids of organized bodies sustained by contributions… of Northern society furnish to us sufficient cause… - Letter from then Senator Jefferson Davis to George Lunt - January 17th, 1861 1. Warm Up

The Civil War: 1861-1865 The Two Sides

Choosing Sides 3. Southern Capital By Feb. 1861- 7 states had seceded In response to this & Fort Sumter- Lincoln calls up troops to fight 4 Union Causes 4 undecided states to secede as well Brought needed soldiers, supplies, & leaders to Confederacy Richmond, VA becomes capital Only 100 miles from DC!!! 4 slave states stayed w/ the Union MZ, KT, MD, DW Border states were divided Brother vs. brother! All had strategic locations MZ controlled parts of Miss. R. KT controlled Ohio R. DW too close to Philly MD more than rest, though Close to Confederate capital Controlled rail lines that went to and from there Washington, DC lay within the state!!! 3. Southern Capital Choosing Sides

Remaining w/ the Union Lincoln had to move cautiously Can’t upset border states If announces end of slavery… Groups may take state out of Union If ordered troops to KT… Rebs may claim state invaded and swing it to the south Had to be careful Suspends some freedoms Quickly uses power to arrest people who supported succession in border states! Completely illegal but… It works!!! Border states stayed with the Union But… Many of their citizens joined Confederate Army 4. Why Cautious? Remaining w/ the Union

A Secession From the South 5. What??? Most white southerners supported succession, but not all!!! Union support existed in TN & VA Western VA starts mvmt. to break away from VA and rejoin Union! Later becomes WV and admits them to Union in 1863 A Secession From the South

American vs. American Not just war b/t states, often… 6. Why Different? Not just war b/t states, often… brother vs. brother parents vs. children neighbor vs. neighbor Lincoln’s wife had fam in the Confederate Army Sen. John Crittenden, KT Sons became generals… 1 on each side! Officers all schooled, fought, and served w/ each other Never dreamed command forces against one another! Civil War Life 1/3 (8:53) American vs. American

Who Were the Soldiers? Most soldiers were young Came from every region 7. Five (5) Facts!!! Most soldiers were young avg. age 22 Over 40% less than 20!!! Youngest… 8 (drummer boy) Came from every region Most were farmers 54% of North 63% of South African Americans not allowed to serve… yet By summer 1861- 112,000 Rebels 187,000 Yankees By the end… 850,000 Rebels 2,100,000 Yankees 200,000 African Americans 10,000 Hispanics Life of a Civil War Soldier (6:09) Who Were the Soldiers?

Comparing North and South 9. Advantages / Disadvantages The North The South Advantages Larger population More industry More nat’l resources Better banking system Helps raise $$$ More ships and kept almost whole navy! Controlled most of the railways Abe Lincoln south underestimated him too! Disadvantages Have to invade and hold south to bring them back Southern support was much stronger 4 going to war Advantages Stronger support across as a whole Familiar territory Pride Defending home, land, way of life… lot to fight for Better military leadership Most southerners sent kids to military or even West Point Even Confederate Pres (J.Davis) was a West Point grad and experienced soldier!!! Disadvantages Smaller population Few factories Farms were cash crop… not food farms Little rail control Can’t get supplies where you need them Comparing North and South

War Aims and Strategy 10. Goals / Strategies Start of war… both had simple goals North- bring South back Slavery not major goal at first, but… was as war goes on South- win right to be independent nation Keep own way of life Strategies to achieve them different too! North- 3 parts Blockade southern ports (no supplies or $ in or out) Gain control of Miss. R. Cut of supply lines and split the Confederacy Capture capital Cut off the head of the lion South- defensive strategy Defend homeland Hold territory until North tired of fighting Expected Britain and France who imported huge amounts of cotton to convince North to end it War Aims and Strategy

False Hopes When war began, Some saw it more clearly Both expected early victory Both sides very confident!!! Some saw it more clearly Union Gen. W.T.Sherman “I think it is to be a long war- very long- much longer than any politician thinks.” False Hopes

Comparison of Union and Confederate Resources, 1861 11.Exit? Comparison of Union and Confederate Resources, 1861   North South Proportion of nation’s population 71% 29% Proportion of nation’s White population 79% 21% African American population 13% 87% Proportion of nation’s railroad Proportion of nation’s farm acreage 65% 35% Proportion of nation’s manufacturing output 92% 8% Number of factories 110,000 18,000 Railroad mileage 22,000 9,000

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