1. Background Information on the Eve of the Civil War
The North v. The South

2. The act of formally withdrawing from the Union.
Secession
The Confederate States of America (CSA) formed in even before Lincoln’s inauguration, seven states seceded from the Union. Secession means
The act of formally withdrawing from the Union.
a.   South Carolina
b.  Mississippi
c.   Florida
d.  Alabama
e.  Georgia
f.   Louisiana
g.  Texas
1858 Lincoln responded by saying…
“A house divided against itself can not stand.
I believe this government cannot endure,
Permanently half slave and half free.”

4. BORDER STATES Border States were on the Border of the USA and CSA.
Missouri, Kentucky, Delaware, Maryland, and Virginia
The border states did have slavery but chose not to secede because they couldn’t agree on which side to fight.
Virginia ended up splitting into two because Lincoln sent troops into Western VA due to their Union Loyalty and they set up their new gov’t and joined the Union as W. VA (1863). So now there are two states, VA and West VA.

5. EXTRA INFO…
MO and KY controlled key stretches of the Ohio and Mississippi rivers.
Washington DC was bordered on three sides by MD. DC is the capital for the Union, yet it’s surrounded by a lot of people that are pro-South.
DEL- slave holders supported secession but they were outnumbered.
KY, MO, MD people were deeply divided on the issue of secession and some fought for Union and Some Confederate.
Important to note that slavery WAS NOT the only issue states were fighting about.

6. Format Information about the North will be in the left column
Information about the South will be in the right column

7. Northern Fighting Strategies
Bring the South back to the Union ASAP
Never recognize the South’s independence
Strangle the South with a naval blockade (Anaconda Plan)
Defeat Rebel Armies, split the South in two and capture the capital (Richmond, VA)

9. Southern Fighting Strategies
Fight a defensive war until the Union no longer has the will to fight
Stress how secession is a parallel with the 13 colonies pulling out of the British Empire in 1776
Capture Washington, D.C.

10. Capital Cities
Washington, D.C.
Richmond, Virginia

11. Naval Power Large navy which grew even larger as the war progressed
Virtually no navy at the start of the war

12. Cause for Fighting To preserve the Union- at first
Later the emancipation of slaves became a cause
To gain independence
To save “The Southern Way of Life” which included slavery

13. Slang Names for Troops
Federals, Yanks, Billy Yanks, Yankees, Blues, Bluebellies
Rebels, Rebs, Confederates, Graybacks, Butternuts, Johnnies, Gray

14. Northern Miscellany Battles were fought away from home
Less skilled in the military arts
Thousands of immigrants were fighting for no purpose that made sense to them
Farm Acreage: 65%; dominant crops- wheat and corn
Divided politically into at least four groups

15. Southern Miscellany
Traditionally protecting their homes and way of life
Fought on their own land, which they therefore knew better than their opponents
Military tradition: nearly every male citizen skilled at riding horses and using rifles skillfully
Violence was a traditional aspect of Southern Society

16. Other Names Union, United States of America, Federals, USA
Confederacy, Confederate States of America, CSA

17. Flag
Stars and Bars, and a separate battle flag
Stars and Stripes

18. Why 13 stars? N/S pts.!!
The Confederacy claimed of having admitted Kentucky and Missouri into their union, although neither state was ever fully controlled or administered by the Confederacy.

19. Number of States
23 states
11 states

20. Population
22,000,000
9,000,000
3,500,000 were slaves

21. Industrial Development
92% of the Nation’s industries were in the North
Very little industrial development; mostly an agrarian (farming) economy

22. Railroad Mileage 75% of the nation’s railroad miles were in the North
Many fewer miles of railroads in the South
The map on the next slide shows American railroads in 1851

24. Financial Resources
Had 75% of the nation’s wealth in banking, manufacturing and shipping industries
Most of the wealth was in land and slaves

25. Leadership Abraham Lincoln Jefferson Davis
Experience as a lawyer, limited experience in Congress, and virtually no military experience
Jefferson Davis
Senator from Mississippi and Secretary of War
Military experience in the Mexican War

26. Generals West Point Military Academy graduates
Few Union Generals were effective in leading Union Armies until Ulysses S. Grant’s rise in
Perhaps the South’s greatest advantage
Brilliant, bold military leaders from Virginia Military Institute (VMI), West Point and other academies

27. Start of War