Advances in Genetics Chapter 5 Section 2

Selective Breeding When humans choose which organisms will be the parents for the next generation so that offspring will have a desired trait. Two types: Inbreeding and Hybridization

INBREEDING A selective breeding method in which two individuals with identical or similar sets of alleles are crossed to produce offspring that are very similar to the parents.

INBREEDING Breeding two white tigers that are closely related to each other to be sure to pass along the trait of white fur to the offspring.

HYBRIDIZATION A selective breeding method in which two genetically different individuals are crossed to produce offspring that have some traits from both parents.

HYBRIDIZATION Breeding a Poodle and a Labrador to make offspring with traits of both parents

HYBRIDIZATION Betasweet Carrots: Carrots were cross-pollinated (like Mendel) to produce carrots with more sugar and nutrients.

GENETIC ENGINEERING The transfer of a gene from the DNA of one organism into another organism, in order to produce an organism with desired traits.

GENETIC ENGINEERING Adding a gene from arctic flounder to produce tomatoes that are frost proof.

GENE THERAPY The insertion of working copies of a gene into the cells of a person with a genetic disorder in an attempt to correct the disorder.

GENE THERAPY

GENE THERAPY Inserting working copies of a gene to produce infection fighters into a sick boy’s cells.

CLONING Creating an organism that is genetically identical to the organism from which it was produced.

CLONING Dolly was the first mammal to be cloned. She is an exact copy of another sheep.

Scientists want to use cloning to bring back extinct animals.

Identifying an individual based on patterns found in his or her DNA. DNA FINGERPRINTING Identifying an individual based on patterns found in his or her DNA.

DNA FINGERPRINTING DNA fingerprint from blood samples at crime scene. First lane is victim’s DNA. Second lane is another blood sample found at the crime scene. Lanes labeled 1-3 are DNA samples from suspects that may have committed the crime.