1. 1/9/15 Mr. Faia 6th Grade Science
Advances in Genetics
1/9/15
Mr. Faia
6th Grade Science

2. 3 Methods
There are 3 ways scientists use to develop organisms with desirable traits:
Selective Breeding
Cloning
Genetic Engineering

3. Selective Breeding
Selective breeding is the process of selecting a few organisms with desired traits
These organisms serve as parents for the next generation

4. Selective Breeding Inbreeding is another type of selective breeding
Inbreeding is crossing 2 organisms with similar alleles

5. Selective Breeding What are positive examples of inbreeding?
What are some negatives to inbreeding?

6. Selective Breeding Hybridization is a 3rd type of selective breeding
Breeders cross 2 genetically different individuals

7. Cloning
A clone is an organism that is genetically identical to the organism it came from

8. Cloning Plants can be easily cloned by ‘cutting’
Cutting is when a leaf or stem is removed and can grow into a new plant
Why is the new plant a clone?

9. Cloning
Cloning animals involves much more work

10. Cloning To clone “Dolly” Scientists removed an egg cell from a sheep
Removed the nucleus and replaced it with a nucleus from another 6 year old sheep
Egg cell was implanted into a 3rd sheep
5 months later Dolly was born

11. Genetic Engineering
Genes from 1 organism are transferred to the DNA of another organism

12. Genetic Engineering What else is genetic engineering sometimes called?
Why is it called this?

13. Genetic Engineering
What are some positive things gained from genetic engineering?

14. Genetic Engineering Look over the diagram on page 129
How is the gene spliced?
Do newly formed cells copy the new gene?

15. Genetic Engineering
What are some results of genetically engineered crops?
Of genetically engineered animals?

16. Genetic Engineering
Gene Therapy involves inserting working copies of a gene into cells
This is used to try and cure some genetic disorders

17. DNA Fingerprinting
DNA can be extracted from fingerprints, hair, cells, blood, skin, etc.
Where is this most commonly used?

18. DNA Fingerprinting
Everyone's DNA fingerprint is unique

19. The Human Genome Project
Genome is all the DNA in 1 cell of an organism
How many chromosome pairs do humans have?
How many genes are in the chromosomes?
How many DNA base pairs?

20. Human Genome Project
What is the main goal of the project?

21. Review
Name 3 techniques that people have used to produce organisms with desired traits?
Why do scientists want to identify the DNA sequence of every human gene?

22. Review What is genetic engineering? List 3 benefits.
How is a DNA fingerprint produced? What information can a DNA fingerprint reveal?