1. Biotechnology-

2. DNA Fingerprinting
Used to diagnose genetic disorders and identify carriers
Analyze evidence at crime scenes (some placed in CODIS-Combined DNA Index System)
Evidence of paternity
Personal identity

3. Used to diagnose genetic diseases, analyze evidence at crime scenes, and determine paternity

4. DNA Fingerprinting

5. Which is adopted? Which is from mom’s previous marriage?

6. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
Technique for making unlimited copies of DNA- CLONING.
Useful when small amount of DNA is available.

8. Genetic Engineering
Process of replacing specific genes in an organism to produce a desired trait.
Accomplished by taking specific genes from one organism and placing them into another organism
Gene map = location of gene on chromosome
Human Genome Project – map of human genes

9. Human Genome Project Project began in 1990 and was completed in 2003.
Mapped out the entire Human Genome.
Human Genome has ~3 BILLION base pairs. Less than 20,000 genes.
Grape plants have 30,434 genes and chickens have 16,736 genes.

10. Recombinant DNA
DNA from two organisms are combined; a gene from one organism is spliced into another organism.
Uses: manufacturing of insulin, anticancer medications, natural pesticides, etc….

11. Cloning
Identical copy of a gene or organism produced (naturally or genetically engineered)
Pros: organ transplants, saving endangered species
Cons: genetic disorders, more health problems

13. Gene Therapy
Process by which a normal gene is inserted into an absent/abnormal gene
Normal gene produces correct protein and eliminates cause of disorder
Cons: Limited success, host often rejects injected genetic material
Stem Cells: can replace tissue that is deficient due to disease or damage

15. Selective Breeding
Artificially selecting and breeding organisms with desired traits
Parents need gene for trait
Inbreeding = gene becomes more prevalent
Ex: crops, domesticated animals
Hybrids – 2 traits selected, breeding similar species
offspring often sterile (Horse + donkey = Mule)