1. Genetic Engineering

2. Karyotype A karyotype is an x-ray picture of the chromosomes.
Scientist use this as a tool to study the chromosomes.

3. The sex chromosome Humans have 46 chromosomes in each body cell
Chromosome pair
#23 determines the
sex of the human.

4. Boy or Girl?
If chromosome set #23 is…..
XX- girl
XY- boy
Demo

5. Predicting the sex of the offspring.
Mom’s Genotype XX
Dad’s Genotype XY
Draw the Punnett Square.

6. Human Karyotype
Looking at the picture what is the sex of this offspring?
Male (XY)

7. Mutations Mutations happen when there is a mistake in the DNA
Can be harmful or beneficial

8. Mutations Genetic Disorders Genetic Variation
Mutations can cause genetic disorders
EX: Down’s Syndrome
Mutations can make new traits that help an organism better adapted to their environment

9. Cloning A clone is genetically identical to its parent
Plants can be cloned by cutting
Animals:
Dolly the Sheep: The first clone of an adult mammal!
Pig organs

10. Genetic Engineering
Genes from one organism are inserted into the DNA of another organism.
Examples:
Bacteria genes put into plants to resist cold or pests
Human genes put into cows- they produce human proteins

11. Gene Therapy
Gene therapy: working copies of genes can be inserted to people with certain genetic disorders
Ex: Cystic Fibrosis
Still experimental

12. DNA Fingerprinting
DNA samples from hair, skin, or blood can be used to identify people
Produces patterned band of DNA and used to match suspects of crime

13. The Human Genome Project
Genome: all the DNA in one cell of an organism
Humans have about 30,000 genes
In 2003 the DNA sequence of every gene in the human genome was identified
Help treat disease
Understand how our bodies work