The Enjoyment of Music 10th Shorter Edition

Part 7 The Nineteenth Century The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition

Unit XV The Romantic Movement “Music, of all the liberal arts, has the greatest influence over the passions.” —Napoleon Bonaparte The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition

40. The Spirit of Romanticism French Revolution, bourgeois society “Liberty, Equality, Fraternity” Romantic poets and artists turned to the passionate and fanciful Bohemian artists Novelists Hugo Emily Brontë Tolstoy Dumas Coleridge Hawthorne Poe 39. The Spirit of Romanticism The French Revolution resulted in the rise of a bourgeois (middle-class) society “Liberty, Equality, Fraternity” Romantic poets and artists abandoned traditional subjects, turning to the passionate and fanciful Emergence of the bohemian artist: the rejected dreamer who starved in an attic Novels explored deep human conflicts and exotic settings Hugo, Emily Brontë, Tolstoy, Dumas, Coleridge, Hawthorne, Poe The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition

The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition 40. Romanticism in Music Industrial Revolution Valves added to brass instruments Cast-iron frame and thicker strings in piano 40. Romanticism in Music The Industrial Revolution spurred technical advances for instruments and affordability of instruments Valves are added to brass instruments, can now play in all keys Cast-iron frame and thicker strings give piano deeper, brilliant tone The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition

The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition 40. Romanticism in Music Music conservatories in Europe and the Americas Orchestral size Music moved from palace and church to concert hall New levels of expression Art of orchestration 40. Romanticism in Music Music conservatories were established across Europe and in the Americas The orchestra grew in size and sound Music moved from palace and church to the public concert hall Composers found new levels of expression Orchestration (choice of instrumentation) became an art in itself The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition

The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition 40. Romanticism in Music Nationalistic folklore and exotic subjects Folk songs and dances Liszt: Hungarian Rhapsody, No. 2 Smetana: The Moldau 40. Romanticism in Music Music conservatories were established across Europe and in the Americas The orchestra grew in size and sound Music moved from palace and church to the public concert hall Composers found new levels of expression Orchestration (choice of instrumentation) became an art in itself Exploitation of nationalistic folklore and exotic subjects Use of folk songs and dances Grieg: Peer Gynt Suite, No. 1, “Ase’s Death” The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition

The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition Romantic Style Traits “We have learned to express the more delicate nuances of feeling by penetrating more deeply into the mysteries of harmony.” —Robert Schumann Memorable melodies Expressive harmony Expanded forms Making instruments “sing” Chromaticism and dissonance Longer symphonies Verdi: “La donna è mobile” Wagner: Prelude to Tristan and Isolde Romantic Style Traits Characterized by memorable melodies, expressive harmony, expanded forms Musicians tried to make their instruments “sing” Chromaticism and dissonance intensify harmony Symphonies are twice as long as those of the Classical masters Dvořák: Symphony No. 9, II Wagner. Die Walküre, Act I The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition

The Musician in Society Rise of the virtuoso soloist and amateur music making Public concert hall and salons Musicians and audience as equals Soloists and conductors idolized Mendelssohn, Liszt, Paganini Amateur music making Felix Mendelssohn The Musician in Society Rise of the virtuoso soloist and amateur music making Musical life centered on the public concert hall and salons (aristocracy, upper middle class) Musicians met their audience as their equals Soloists and conductors were the “stars” idolized by the public Mendelssohn, Liszt, Paganini Amateur music making fueled by readily available and reasonably priced printed music Mendelssohn: Piano Trio No. 1 Liszt: Hungarian Rhapsody, No. 2 Franz Liszt The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition

The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition Women in Music Performers, teachers, composers Clara Schumann Amy Cheney Beach Fanny Mendelssohn Hensel Women achieved elevated status as performers, teachers, composers, and patrons: Performers, Teachers, & Composers: Fanny Mendelssohn Hensel, Clara Schumann, Amy Cheney Beach The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition

The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition Women in Music Patrons George Sand Carolyne Sayn-Wittgenstein Nadezhda von Meck Women achieved elevated status as performers, teachers, composers, and patrons: Patrons: George Sand, Carolyne Sayn-Wittgenstein, Nadezhda von Meck The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition

The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition www.wwnorton.com/enjoy The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition