1. The Romantic Era of the Nineteenth Century about 1800-1900

2. (as used in the 17th century) Romance - a medieval tale or poem about a heroic person or event Such as King Arthur:

3. (as used in the 17th century) Romantic - something far off or legendary Such as Camelot:

4. Romantic Era - a term used to describe the art, music, and architecture of the late 19th Century. Characteristics of music from this time included: expressiveness nationalism - including use of folk songs programatic pieces - music used to tell a story or paint a picture greater contrasts - in texture, dynamics, rhythm, tempo, modality increased use of dissonance increased use of chromaticism To better understand the Romantic Era, it helps to compare it with the Classical Era which preceded it. The following slides show some Classical art and architecture, followed by the corresponding Romantic art and architecture. The Romantic Era musicians did not completely eschew the Classical form, but rather brought to it elements of emotional expression and individualism.

5. Classical Gardens (the 1700's) - displayed symmetry, order, organization, geometric designs

6. The Romantic Era brought in an appreciation of the natural world. English gardens of the time were designed to be imitative of nature.

7. Classical Architecture - embraced the symmetry and grace of the Ancient Greek buildings American home - Georgian style White House - Washington DC Palace of Versailles - Paris

8. Romantic Architecture - found inspiration in the Gothic cathedrals (2 Gothic cathedrals pictured below) Notre Dame - France Milan - Italy

9. Architecture during the Romantic Era- elements of the Gothic cathedrals of the middle ages are echoed in some of the architecture of the late 1800's. Trinity Church- Boston Trinity Church- New York

10. Classical Art- art of Ancient Greece was the inspiration symmetry order for simplicity elegance "Madame Recamire" - by Jacques-Louis David The woman in this Classical painting is even dressed as a Greek statue.

11. Art of the Romantic Period- closeness to nature affection for cultural uniqueness / traditions (the common folk) expressive - bold, dramatic, heroic, contrasting emotional - melancholy, amorous, exuberant National Romantic Painting - by Hans Gude

12. Romantic Art (freedom, passion) Liberty Leading the People - by Delacroix

13. Romantic Art (intentional obscurity) Steamer in a Snow Storm - by Mall

14. Classical Music - Characteristics more homophonic (melody accompanied by a chordal structure) melodies - diatonic with clear cadences phrases - regular & symmetrical form or structure was important sonata rondo fugue minuet & trio texture was open & light Leading Classical Composers Mozart Haydn Clementi Boccherini Romantic Music Characteristics expressive / emotional / dramatic imitative or inspired by nature imitative or inspired by folk music nationalistic programme music (music that paints a picture or tells a story larger orchestras / piano as a solo instrument form - more free, less rigid texture - thicker & more complex technical virtuosity Leading Romantic Composers next slide

15. Romantic Music Transitional Composers (between Classical and Romantic Eras) Beethoven - considered by many the 1st Romantic composer Weber Rossini Schubert Romantic Composers & their nationalities Strauss - Austrian Berlioz - French Bizet - French Schumann - German Mendelssohn - German Wagner - German Rimsky-Korsakov - Russian Mussorgsky - Russian Dvorak - Czeck Grieg - Norwegian Soussa - American (U.S.)