1. Music Appreciation Romantic Era (1825-1900)

2. Background Deals with emotion Started by Beethoven Increased dynamics from ppp to fff Brought in the start of programmatic music Program music- music written for a purpose Rubato- stretching of music

3. Composers Franz Schubert Robert Schuman Clara Week Fredric Chopin Franz Liszt Felix Mendelssohn Hector Berlioz Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky Johnnes Brahms

4. Franz Schubert (1797-1828) Earliest master of art song Wasn’t famous as a teacher/performer Born in Vienna Prodigy Died in the middle of a symphony “unfinished symphony”

5. Robert Schuman (1810-1856) Wrote autobiographical music Pianist Born in Germany Wanted to be a lawyer Stopped halfway through school Tore muscles in fingers Married Clara Wieck Was committed to insane asylum

6. Clara Wieck (1819-1896) Daughter of Fredrik Wieck Good piano player Friend of Brahms Played husbands music Composed a little (hated female composers)

7. Fredric Chopin (1810-1849) Composed piano music for home setting At age 21, moved to Paris Went to Paris Conservatory Friends with Hugo, Balzer, and Dalkroy Good player Played for rich people Preferred to perform in houses over concert halls Had an affair with novelist “George Sands” Frail Died of tuberculosis Put many moods and thoughts into music

8. Franz Liszt (1811-1886) Handsome Pacesetter Very quick/ accurate Loved to play in concert halls Born in Hungary Dad worked for the Esterhazy family Meet Schubert and Beethoven in Vienna Later moved to Paris Heard Paggnaini (superman of violin) Practiced 8-12 hours a day Created symphonic peom Symphonic Poem- one movement orchestral composition based on literary or pictorial ideas

9. Felix Mendelssohn (1809-1845) Conservative romanticist German Rich Brilliant piano player at age 9 Child prodigy (made symphonies, operas, etc at age 13) Had orchestras play his works At age 20 conducted St. Matthew Passion by Bach Responsible for revival of J. S. Bach Was successful before death Happily married( 4 children) Died at age 38 (stroke) Known for elegance and personality

10. Hector Berlioz (1803-1869) Dad wanted him to be a doctor Went to Paris to study music Wrote diabolical music (Stephen King of music) Met and married Harriet Smithson Heard his autobiographical “Symphony Fantastic” Divorce followed shortly there after Popularized idee fixe (fixed idea)

11. Peter Tchaikovsky (1840-1893) Greatest Russian composer Started working in government at age 20 Studied music theory at age 21 Good composer (couldn’t play) Became professor at Moscow Conservatory At 30 composed Romeo and Juliet Married at 32 to conceal homosexuality 2 weeks later tried to commit suicide Died 9 days after finished “Pathetique”

12. Johnnes Brahms (1833-1897) Best romantic composer Breathed new life into classical forms Born in Hamberg, Germany Dad was musician Studied piano/ music theory Played at brothels Good arranger/composer Schuman called him “musical messiah” Died of cancer