Protein Carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen form peptide linked amino acids Essential from diet, nonessential synthesized by liver, or conditional depending on the needs of the body Anabolism or building up and catabolism or breaking down of protein stores Nitrogen is a waste product forming Ammonia, then excreted as Urea

Protein Function Structure with muscle tissue, collagen, hair, nails, and cartilage Growth and repair throughout the lifecycle through nitrogen positive balance Range of motion, strength, endurance, and recovery with protein providing 4 kcals/gm Conversion of stored amino acids to needed glucose via gluconeogenisis in the liver

Protein Function Hormones such a insulin or cortisone for regulation of metabolic and neurological activity Enzymes that act as catalysts for chemical reactions in body, such as DNA synthesis Immunity and antibody production to fight foreign disease and infection Circulatory transporters such as albumin and hemoglobin provide nutrients or oxygen

Protein Classification Complete proteins are a food or combination of foods that have all 9 essential proteins Typical complete proteins are animal sources, eggs, milk, chicken, fish, and beef Soy is a plant based complete protein, butter has no protein, and gelatin lacks tryptophan Incomplete proteins must be complemented to meet essential needs, like rice and beans

Protein Intake High protein intake can lead to dehydration, kidney damage, and a risk to bone health Vegetarians may need B12 and Iron supplements to prevent anemias Protein intake with CHO improves glycemic control, slow digestion and blunt insulin release