Biochemistry Carbon => life

Carbon bonding Carbon can build complex molecules Covalent bonds Organic compounds ATP (Adenosine triphosphate) Cellular energy 5 carbon sugar, energy locked into bond with phosphate 4 main classes; Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic acids

Molecules of Life Different ratios of Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen Each class has different properties

Carbohydrates Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen Atoms (1:2:1) Classified on the number of sugars linked Monosaccharide or polysaccharide Used in cells as source of energy, structural materials, and identification Ex. Chitin, cellulose, fructose, glucose

Proteins Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, plus Nitrogen Chain of amino acid linked together by peptide bonds Structure, support, movement, communication, transportation, and carrying out chemical reaction (enzyme) Enzyme brings the reactants together to reduce the amount of energy and time needed for the reaction

Lipids Non polar organic molecules Ex: Phospholipids, steroids, waxes, pigments Storing energy and water barrier

Nucleic Acids Complex molecules store and transport heredity information Nucleotide units Sugar, base, phosphate DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (ribonucleic acid)