1. The building blocks of life Organisms are made of carbon-based molecules

2. Organic chemistry Organic = carbon based molecules. Carbon atoms are covalently bonded into rings and chains. What is the chemical formula of this molecule? Consists of different numbers of 3 atoms.

3. Macromolecules Are large molecules formed from smaller molecules (covalently bonded).

4. Table of most abundant elements found in living organisms Chemical/ symbol Atomic number Atomic massBonds formed Carbon Hydrogen Nitrogen Oxygen Phosphorus Sulfur

5. Carbohydrates FORM  General chemical formula is CH 2 O There are 3 types of carbohydrates 1.simple sugars(monosaccharides) 2.disaccharides 3.polysaccharides FUNCTION  Living organisms use carbs for energy storage and structural support (cellulose)

6. Carbohydrates Type of carbohydrate ExamplesTheir role in living things MonosaccharidesGlucoseProvide energy DisaccharidesSucrose Lactose Provide energy PolysaccharidesGlycogen Starch Cellulose Storage

7. Review Questions on Carbohydrates 1.What atoms make up the carbohydrate molecule? 2.What do living organisms use carbohydrates for? 3.Give an example for a monosaccharide, disaccharide, and polysaccharide.

8. Lipids FORM  Made of carbon and hydrogen Examples of lipids are; 1.saturated/unsaturated fats 2.phospholipids (cell membrane) 3.steroids FUNCTION  Living organisms use lipids for storing energy and to provide barriers (cell membrane)

9. Review Questions on Lipids 1.What are some common examples of lipids? 2.What two atoms are lipids primarily composed of? 3.What is the function of lipids?

10. Nucleic acids FORM  Nucleic acids are made of nucleotides (C, H, N, O, and P) A nucleotide has 3 parts to the molecule; sugar, phosphate group, and nitrogen base. Examples are DNA, RNA, and ATP FUNCTION  store and communicate genetic information, cellular energy.

11. Comparing DNA and RNA

12. ATP – Adenosine triphosphate

13. Review Questions Nucleic Acids 1.What atoms make up nucleic acids? 2.Give three examples of nucleic acids. 3.What do nucleic acids do inside cells? 4.What is the difference between RNA and DNA?

14. Proteins FORM  Proteins are made of amino acids. The shape of the protein determines what it can do. FUNCTION  control cell processes and the rate of reactions. Examples include enzymes, muscle fiber, and antibodies.

16. Review Questions for Proteins 1.What are the building blocks of proteins? 2.What kind of bonds hold proteins together? 3.What are the different shapes of proteins? 4.What do proteins do for living organisms?