The Industrial Revolution CHAPTER 13 The Industrial Revolution Section 1: Origins of the Industrial Revolution Section 2: The Factory System Section 3: New Methods and Business Organizations Section 4: Living and Working Conditions Section 5: Socialism

Labor for the growing factories came from the farm population. Many of the new factory workers were women, who made up more than 80 percent of the workers in textile factories.

The Wage System The Factory System SECTION 2 Domestic System Unsupervised in own home Different jobs performed Worked when you wanted Paid for number of items completed Factory System Each performed only a small part of the entire job Dozens/hundreds worked in same room with supervisors Paid wages based on hours worked with production quotas.

Who were the Workers? Factory employers preferred women to men: thought women would adapt more easily to machines they were easier to manage were paid less than men Child Labor Parents supported child labor because it helped increase the family income. Owners liked using children because their small hands fit into intricate parts of the machines and they were paid lower wages than women.

Lives of Factory Workers SECTION 2 The Factory System Lives of Factory Workers Begin work at 5am until 7pm – often worked 14 hours/day Six days per week ½ hour each for breakfast & dinner – pay? $2 per week Must attend church Breaking any rule meant heavy fines, pay cuts, or job loss No sanitary facilities No safety devices No compensation if hurt Rules To Be Observed, Haslingden Mill, 1851

Abuses The Factory System SECTION 2 Alexander Gray, a pump boy aged 10 years old. reported in 1842 Royal Commision into working conditions, said: "I pump out the water in the under bottom of the pit to keep the mens room 9coal face) dry. I am obliged to pump fast or the water would cover me. I had to run away a few weeks ago as the water came up so fast that Icould not pump at all. The water frequently covers my legs. I have been two years at the pump. I am paid 10d (old pence) a day. No holiday but the Sabbath (Sunday). I go down at three, sometimes five in the morning, and come up at six or seven at night.

The Factory System SECTION 2 1. workers lost fingers, limbs and sometimes their lives 2. children accused of working too slowly were beaten by their overseers

SECTION 2 The Factory System

SECTION 2 The Factory System Girl pulling a coal tub in mine.

Social Impact in Europe A. The Industrial Revolution spurred the growth of cities. Cities were the home to many industries. People moved from the country to the city to find work. London’s population increased from 1 million in 1800 to 2.3 million in 1850.

B. Many inhabitants of these. rapidly growing cities lived in B. Many inhabitants of these rapidly growing cities lived in miserable conditions. The conditions caused urban social reformers to demand that the cities clean up their conditions.

SECTION 2 The Factory System Lives in Workers’ Homes

SECTION 2 The Factory System

C. Industrial workers faced horrible working conditions. Factories were dangerous, dark, loud, and dirty. Employees worked 12-16hrs a day for 6 days a week. There was no minimum wage. The hot temperatures in the textile mills were especially harmful.