1. Working & Living Conditions of the Industrial Revolution
The Factories
Working Conditions
The Cities

2. Capitalism
Capitalism refers to the private ownership of the means of production
Capitalists had the money to buy the necessary materials, machines, and labor to produce goods
The theory of laissez-faire allowed the capitalist to run their businesses without government regulation

3. New Class System
The Middle Class will become a very large and important part of society
The Middle Class were the owners of the factories

4. A. The Factories
Factories housed the machines that produced the goods.

5. Assembly Lines: method used in the factories to produce goods
Instead of one person completing all tasks to produce a good, the process was broken into small parts
Each person was assigned a skilled task
This was called specialization or the division of labor

6. Economic impact of the factories (how it changes the economy):
The assembly line was an improvement over the domestic system (making goods by hand at home)
Economic impact of the factories (how it changes the economy):
Output of goods increased – more goods produced daily
Ex: instead of 1 doll per day by hand, 500 per day
Quality of manufactured goods increased - Goods were better than before
Ex: the hair of the doll would now stay on instead of falling off
Cost of goods decreased – more was being produced, so the price of the good went down
Ex: Dolls made by hand before the IR cost $500, now $10

7. B. Working Conditions in Factories
Conditions in the factories were harsh (horrible)
Factories were:
poorly ventilated (the air was stale & dirty)
poorly lit
the machines were very dangerous

8. Jobs in the factories paid very little
Men were required to work at least 14 hours a day
Because of the low wages paid, families couldn’t be supported by the man alone
Women had to go to work in the factories
Eventually the children will also go to work in the factories

9. Injuries occurred often
If you were hurt, you lost your job
There was no compensation or medical insurance
The managers or overseers were abusive to all of the workers, but especially the children

10. To push for better working conditions, workers began to form labor unions
The Unions were not seen favorably by the factory owners

11. C. The Cities Urbanization: growth of cities as people move into them
This will occur as people search for jobs in the factories since they can no longer farm

12. The living conditions in cities were horrible for the WORKERS
Lack of sanitary codes
No trash pick up – all trash went into the streets and STAYED THERE
Same for human waste
Lack of adequate housing
Not enough housing so multiple families would share a 1 room apartment
Education
No Schools
Pollution
Factories polluted the
air and rivers
Crowded
No police protection

13. Diseases were common in cities
Lack of sewage systems led to regular epidemics (outbreaks) of diseases such as Cholera