Unit 8 The Early Middle Ages Day 3 – Standard 9d, 10a Invasions & Trade Routes

Learning Objectives Review and refine our understanding of Feudalism, the Manor System, and the invaders who terrorized Europe and strengthened the Feudal System. Learn about the trade routes that connected the eastern hemisphere during the Early Middle Ages.

Invasions, Settlements and Influence of Migratory Groups (9d) Between 800 and 1000, repeated invasions destroy the reign of Frankish rulers Invasions by Angles, Saxons, Vikings, and Magyars disrupted the social, economic, and political order of Europe Holy Roman Empire ceased to exist in 987

Angles and Saxons Angles and Saxons migrated to England from continental Europe Were Germanic people that invaded England in the 5th century Angles Saxons The Angle language was known as Englisc, the name they eventually gave England

Vikings migrated from Scandinavia; settled in Russia A Germanic people from a wintry, wooded region called Scandinavia Worshipped warlike gods Were raiders, traders & explorers Viking ships allowed for quick raids throughout Europe Gradually accepted Christianity & Viking terror in Europe ceased

Viking Ships and Warriors Replica of a Viking helmet found in Norway Viking warriors

Magyars Magyars migrated from Central Asia and settled in Hungary Nomadic people from plains of Central Asia Migrated across eastern European Russia steppes in 9th century Were fierce horseback riders Raided into heart of western Europe; attacked villages and monasteries Captured people sold as slaves

Angles, Saxons, Magyars and Viking invasions led to: Rise of the manorial system strengthened (i.e., reinforced) the feudal system Feudal system was based on protection for services (work) Manorial system featured manors (the lord’s estate) Manorial system is the basic economic arrangement during the Middle Ages It was an agreement between lord and his serfs (i.e., housing, farmland and protection in exchange for labor) Building of castles for protection from invaders Disruption of trade & decline of cities and towns

Major Trade Routes During the Medieval Period (10a) During the Medieval Period, several major trading routes developed in the Eastern Hemisphere These major trading routes developed among Europe, Africa and Asia from 1000 to 1500 Silk roads across Asia to Mediterranean basin Maritime routes across Indian Ocean Trans-Sahara routes across North Africa Northern European links with Black Sea Western European sea and river trade South China Sea and lands of Southeast Asia

Silk Roads spread across Asia to the Mediterranean Basin Silk Roads spread across Asia to the Mediterranean Basin. Silk, paper and porcelain came from China. They were major trade routes that connected Asia to Mediterranean Basin

Trans-Saharan Trade Routes Trans-Saharan routes crossed North Africa Salt from Sahara Desert was traded for gold from West African goldfields Gold trade helped spread Islam into West Africa

Indian Ocean Maritime Routes Northern European Links with Black Sea Indian Ocean Maritime Routes Indian Ocean maritime routes spread new products to Europe & Middle East such as sugar & textiles from India. Spices came from around the Indian Ocean Germanic peoples of Northern Europe traded with peoples of Black Sea region Furs, iron, wax, honey, timber, slaves, and Amber were traded.

South China Sea and Lands of Southeast Asia Western European Sea and River Trade Major Trading Routes Pacific Ocean South China Sea

Trading of Goods, Influences and Diffusion of Goods and Ideas (10b) Regional trade networks and long-distance trade routes in the Eastern Hemisphere aided the diffusion and exchange of technology and culture between Europe, Africa and Asia Trade encouraged cultural diffusion: Goods Technology Ideas

Trade of goods encouraged cultural diffusion Gold from West Africa (trade for gold also spreads Islam into West Africa) Spices from lands around Indian Ocean Textiles from India, China, the Middle East, and later Europe Porcelain from China and Persia Amber from Baltic region Trade of technology encouraged cultural diffusion Paper from China made its way through Muslim world to Byzantium and Western Europe New crops from India for making sugar (i.e., sugarcane) Waterwheels and windmills (from Middle East) Navigation Compass from China Lateen sail from Indian Ocean region

Trade of ideas encouraged cultural diffusion Spread of religions across the hemisphere Buddhism from China to Korea and Japan Hinduism and Buddhism from India to Southeast Asia Islam into West Africa (primarily due to gold trade), Central and Southeast Asia Printing and paper money from China

Exit Ticket I can, in writing, describe how trade routes affected the diffusion (or spread) of goods, technology, and ideas.