The Civil War 1861-1865

At the Start Both sides thought it would be a quick war Bull Run, July 1861 Union expected overwhelming victory Picnickers Turned into a disorganized rout

Comparisons Industrial background Union Strengths Confederacy strengths Industrial background Greater population (22 million to 9 million) Immigration Military tradition of the south Defensive warfare Superior generalship

Great Southern Commanders

Incompetent Union Officers

War at Sea Union blockade of Confederate Ports “Anaconda Plan” Confederate “blockade runners” Control of the Mississippi River Ironclads

Anaconda Plan

Anaconda Plan (2)

War in the West Ulysses S. Grant, in charge of the Army of the Tennessee, marches down the Mississippi River Wins victories at Shiloh, Vicksburg, and Chattanooga Ably assisted by William T. Sherman

Tale of Two Wars In the West In the East The Union Army wins many victories, despite moderate losses, and pushes south, eventually splitting the Confederacy in two along the Mississippi River The Union cannot win a battle to save their lives, despite numerical superiority and great advantages in equipment

Antietam Lee invades the North in summer of 1862 Wins a lot of battles, lots of dead/captured Union soldiers Invasion halted at Antietam Creek on September 17th, 1862 Bloodiest single day in American history

Gettysburg Lee launches another invasion in 1863 Two years into the war, many of his men don’t have shoes Shoe factory in Gettysburg, PA Accidental battleground Turning point in War

Gettysburg Address

Election of 1864 By 1864, it’s obvious the Union is going to win the war; it’s just a matter of time George B. McClellan (twice-failed general) runs against Lincoln Sen. Andrew Johnson (D-TN) is Lincoln’s Vice President

Map of Election of 1864

Lincoln’s Second Inaugural “With malice toward none, with charity for all, with firmness in the right as God gives us to see the right, let us strive on to finish the work we are in, to bind up the nation's wounds, to care for him who shall have borne the battle and for his widow and his orphan, to do all which may achieve and cherish a just and lasting peace among ourselves and with all nations.”

Sherman’s March to the Sea By 1864, Georgia was the lone remaining industrialized area in the South William T. Sherman captured Atlanta and then “marched to the sea” to Savannah, sowing a wide swath of destruction

African-American Soldiers

End of the War Grant chases Lee’s tattered Army across Virginia through 1864 into 1865 Lee finally surrenders at Appomattox Court House on April 9th, 1865 After 630,000 casualties, war is over

And then… On April 14th, 1865, Lincoln attends a play at Ford’s Theater John Wilkes Booth, Southern sympathizer and failed actor, shoots him in the head and flees “Now he belongs to the ages” –Stanton