1. The Turning Point: 1863 Contraband: The Emancipation Proclamation:
Escaped slaves that crossed over into the Union
Worked at camps and fought in the war
Slavery ended in DC and territories in 1862
The Emancipation Proclamation:
Issued on Sept 22, 1862, would take effect on Jan 1, 1863
Freed all slaves in areas of rebellion in the Confederacy
Slavery not touched in areas in control by North – border states especially
Helped keep Europe out of the war
Changed the aim of the war effort

2. 1863 Vicksburg : Lee’s Advance and Defeat:
Battle for total control of the Mississippi River:
Vicksburg, MS surrendered to Grant (July 4, 1863)
Many escaped slaves were re-enslaved or killed by the South
Lee’s Advance and Defeat:
Gettysburg, PA – 3 day battle (July 1-3, 1863) North won, but suffered heavy losses
South’s last advance into the North

3. Gettysburg
Day 2
Day 3

4. The Union Victories, 1864 – 1865 The Impact of Black Troops:
200,000 black troops were recruited in the North by 1865
54th Massachusetts Infantry – all black unit (the movie “Glory” is based on their story)
Black soldiers were paid less than whites - still not considered equal to whites.
200 black soldiers were massacred at Fort Pillow after surrendering to Confederate troops
In 1864, Grant became head of Union army in 1864
He put William T. Sherman in charge of the Union army in Tennessee

5. The Election of 1864 The National Union Party The Democrats
Andrew Johnson (D from TN) named as Lincoln’s running mate – it was hoped that he would attract voters from the border states
The Democrats
General George McClellan ran for the Democrats
Some Democrats (known as Copperheads) called for peace with the South - wanted the war to end.
Lincoln won 55% of the popular vote & Electoral majority

6. 1864 Election Results

7. Sherman’s March
In late 1864, after burning Atlanta, General Sherman unleashed his men on a March to the Sea – 300 mile march from Atlanta to Savannah
Sherman’s men destroyed everything in a 60 mile wide swath across Georgia
Sherman set some land aside for freed slaves in GA – Special Field Order No. 15

8. The end of the Confederacy
The Confederate Collapse:
Southerners resisted the draft
Blacks were used by the South, but too late in the war effort
April 9, 1865 – Lee surrendered to Grant at Appomattox Court House
Over 600,000 soldiers (North and South) died in the war