1. Chapter 17 The Tide of War Turns (1863-1865)

2. Chapter 17 “The Tide of War Turns, 1863-1865” Section 3 “The North Wins”
Main Idea: Thanks to victories, beginning with Gettysburg and ending with Richmond, the Union survived.
Terms and Names:
1. Battle of Gettysburg 5. Siege of Vicksburg
2. Pickett’s Charge 6. William Tecumseh
3. Ulysses S. Grant Sherman
4. Robert E. Lee Appomattox Court
House

3. I. Why was the Battle of Gettysburg significant?
A. In September, 1862, Union forces turned back Southern troops at the bloody Battle of Antietam. Confederate leaders still hoped, however, to win a victory in
the North.
B. In June, 1863, Confederate
forces crossed into southern
PA, meeting Union troops near
the town of Gettysburg.

4. C. The Battle of Gettysburg raged for three days.
1. An important moment came when General George Pickett attacked the middle of the Union line. It proved to be a costly mistake.
Pickett’s Charge, as it was called, had been ordered by General Robert E. Lee, and it was torn to pieces by Union troops.
3. The Confederates retreated, and Union forces, under General George Meade, failed to pursue them and finish them off.

5. Pickett’s Charge

6. 1. Lee’s hopes for a Confederate victory in the North were gone.
D. Even so, the Union victory at Gettysburg was a turning point of the war.
1. Lee’s hopes for a Confederate victory in the North were gone.
2. Southern forces would never again fight in the North.
Union General George Meade and Confederate General Robert E. Lee

8. II. Why was victory at Vicksburg important?
A. The day after Pickett’s Charge, Union General Ulysses S. Grant defeated Rebel troops at the Siege
of Vicksburg.
1. Vicksburg was the last
Confederate stronghold on the Mississippi River.
2. Grant’s victory on July 4, 1863 meant the Union now had complete control of the river, a major part of the Anaconda Plan.
B. Along with the victory at Gettysburg, the tide of war now turned in favor of the North.

10. III. What is total war?
A. Unlike other Union generals, Ulysses Grant was willing to follow and fight General Lee. This impressed President Lincoln. In March, 1864, Lincoln made Grant commander of all the Union armies.
1. Grant quickly made a
plan to defeat the
Confederacy. He would pursue Lee’s
Army in Virginia.

11. 2. Meanwhile, Union forces under General William Tecumseh Sherman would push through the Deep South to Atlanta and on to the Atlanta Coast. 3. As he marched through the South, Sherman waged total war, tearing up rail lines, destroying crops, and burning towns. 4. With Sherman’s successes, Northerners suddenly could sense victory. This optimism helped Lincoln to win reelection.

13. IV. Where did Lee surrender?
A. After marching through Georgia, Sherman moved north through the Carolinas. His plan was to link up with Grant’s troops in Virginia. B. Grant’s goal was to keep fighting toward Richmond and capture the capital of the Confederacy. C. The Union army marched into Richmond on April 3, 1865.

15. D. On April 9, 1865, Lee and Grant met at Appomattox Court House in Virginia. There, the two men arranged a surrender. 1. Grant offered generous terms. He took the weapons from the Confederates. 2. However, he let them keep their horses as long as they promised to go home. E. After four long years the Civil War was over.