Latin 1 Mr. zboril | Milford PEP Chapter 2 Verbs, Vocabulary, and 1st Conjugation Mr. zboril | Milford PEP

Chapter 4 First Declension Nouns I am still happy you are in my class. You are important to me – don’t ever think otherwise!

Homework Issues If the English or Latin is asking a question, be sure to place a question mark at the end. Cantābimusne? : Will we sing? Will we be singing? Nōn portābatne? : Was she not carrying? Chapter 2 Verbs, Vocabulary, and 1st Conjugation

Chapter 4 First Declension Nouns A noun is person, place, thing, or idea. The Chapter 4 Vocabulary on Page 19 lists a dozen nouns. Some are… rēgīna, rēgīnae, f.: queen agricola, agricolae, m.: farmer terra, terrae, f.: earth, land nauta, nautae, m.: sailor Chapter 2 Verbs, Vocabulary, and 1st Conjugation

Chapter 4 First Declension Nouns Your Latin Dictionary contains three pieces of information for every noun: agricola, agricolae, m.: farmer The first form or nominative singular This is used to list words in a dictionary The second form or genitive singular This is used to find the noun stem and to determine which declension (or noun family) the noun belongs. The gender : masculine, feminine, or neuter. Chapter 2 Verbs, Vocabulary, and 1st Conjugation

Chapter 4 First Declension Nouns Verbs are divided into conjugations. A conjugation can be recognized by the 2nd Principal Part. Nouns are divided into declensions. Latin has five noun declensions. Declensions can be recognized by the genitive case singular – the second form personal endings. agricola, agricolae, m.: farmer nauta, nautae, f.: sailor puella, puellae, f.: girl THE SECOND FORM (GENITIVE SINGULAR) OF ALL FIRST DECLENSION NOUNS ENDS IN –AE Chapter 2 Verbs, Vocabulary, and 1st Conjugation

Chapter 4 Genders In English, the gender of a noun is determined by: Female things are feminine Masculine things are masculine Something neither male or female is neuter In Latin, this is sometimes the case, however a noun’s gender does not necessarily reflect the gender of the object it describes. If an object has neither gender (e.g. table, tree, town) Latin may classify it as any of the genders. Chapter 2 Verbs, Vocabulary, and 1st Conjugation

Chapter 4 1st Declension Noun Gender & PAIN Most nouns of the 1st Declension are feminine. There are a few nouns that are masculine. The best way to remember them is by the acronym PAIN. Poēta – poet OR Pirata - pirate Agricola – farmer Incola – settler Nauta – sailor Chapter 2 Verbs, Vocabulary, and 1st Conjugation

Chapter 4 First Declension Noun Stems Exercise 2 on pg. 20 asks you to identify the stem for each of the nouns in the vocabulary. Remember how we found the stem of a verb? We took the 2nd Principal Part and removed the –re. arō, arāre, arāvī, arātum : to plow arāre → -re = arā To find the stem of a noun, take the genitive singular and remove the –ae. fēmina, fēminae, f. fēminae → fēmin -ae = fēmin Chapter 2 Verbs, Vocabulary, and 1st Conjugation

Chapter 4 First Declension Noun Stems To find the stem of a noun, take the genitive singular and remove the –ae. fēmina, fēminae, f. fēminae → fēmin -ae = fēmin incola, incolae, m. incolaē → incolae -ae = incol Now, with the stem, we add the case endings and decline the noun. Chapter 2 Verbs, Vocabulary, and 1st Conjugation

1st Declension Case Endings stem: femin/ae Case Singular Plural Nominative fēmin-a fēmin-ae subject, predicate the woman the women Genitive fēmin-ārum possession of the woman of the women Dative fēmim-īs indirect object to / for the woman to / for the women Accusative fēmin-am fēmin-ās direct object Ablative fēmin-ā object preposition by/with/from the woman by/with/from the women Chapter 2 Verbs, Vocabulary, and 1st Conjugation

1st Declension Case Endings stem: femin/ae Case Singular Plural Nominative fēmina fēminae subject, predicate the woman the women Genitive fēminārum possession of the woman of the women Dative fēmimīs indirect object to / for the woman to / for the women Accusative fēminam fēminās direct object Ablative fēminā object preposition by/with/from the woman by/with/from the women Chapter 2 Verbs, Vocabulary, and 1st Conjugation

1st Declension Case Endings stem: naut/ae Case Singular Plural Nominative nauta nautae subject, predicate the sailor Genitive nautārum possession of the sailor of the sailors Dative nautīs indirect object to / for the sailor Accusative nautam nautās direct object Ablative nautā object preposition by/with/from the sailor Chapter 2 Verbs, Vocabulary, and 1st Conjugation

Chapter 4 Nominative Case The nominative case is the naming case. It is the standard form used to list Latin words in the dictionary. More importantly, it is the case that ‘names’ the subject of the sentence. Graecia Troiam oppugnat. Greece attacks Troy. Quis Troiam oppugnat? Graecia. Greece is the subject → ‘Graceia’ is nominative case. Troy is the direct object → Troiam is the accusative case. Chapter 2 Verbs, Vocabulary, and 1st Conjugation

Chapter 4 Nominative Case What is the subject in the following sentences? Agricola ad Trōiam ambulabit. Agricola Incolae reginam rogant. Incolae Carolina et Ethanius Greciam oppugnabant. Carolina et Ethanius Chapter 2 Verbs, Vocabulary, and 1st Conjugation

Chapter 4 Predicate Nominative In addition to identifying the subject of a sentence, the nominative case is also used to identify the predicate noun or adjective. A predicate nominative is a noun or adjective that renames the subject. Generally predicate nominatives follow linking verbs such as est (is) or sunt (are).

Chapter 4 Predicate Nominative Helena est rēgīna. Helena is a queen. Quis est Helena? Est rēgīna. Who is Helena? She is a queen. What case ending is Helena? What case ending is rēgina? They are both nominative. Rēgina (queen) is not receiving any action. It is simply defining the subject, Helena. Chapter 2 Verbs, Vocabulary, and 1st Conjugation

Chapter 4 Nominative Case Helena est rēgīna. Helena is a queen. Quis est Helena? Est rēgīna. Who is Helena? She is a queen. What case ending is Helena? What case ending is rēgina? They are both nominative. Rēgina is a predicate nominative. Chapter 2 Verbs, Vocabulary, and 1st Conjugation

Chapter 4 Nominative Case Helena est pulchra. Helen is beautiful. Again, notice both the subject and predicate share the same ending! Pulchra is a predicate adjective. It is describing the subject. They will both use the nominative case. Chapter 2 Verbs, Vocabulary, and 1st Conjugation

I can stay afterwards for extra help Instructor Contact Information brian44212@gmail.com cell: 513-375-7552 Class Time 2pm Tues & Thurs I can stay afterwards for extra help www.brianzboril.weebly.com Chapter 2 Verbs, Vocabulary, and 1st Conjugation