WARM UP – December 13 Using your notes from yesterday - Answer the following questions on a post it: How are the ideologies of Capitalism and Communism different? How was Germany divided? What was the purpose of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization and Warsaw Pacts? What was the U.S. Strategy in regards to how to handle the spread of Communism?

THE KOREAN WAR

China: Nationalists vs. Communists Chiang Kai-shek – Nationalist (almost totalitarian) leader of China Favored in southern and eastern China Supported by US 1945-49 - $3B in US aid Some American officials viewed Chiang as inefficient and corrupt Mao Zedong – head of Communist Party and Red Army Favored in northern china Relied on USSR aid Attracted peasants through promising land reform, literacy education, and more food production By 1945, much of northern China under communist control

Civil War in China After WWII (Japan no longer a threat), Nationalists and Communists no longer cooperate 1945-49, US supported Nationalists ($, not troops) May 1949 – Chiang and supporters fled to Taiwan “Formosa” to Westerners Communists established People’s Republic of China (PRD)  US refused to recognize gov’t

Korea 1910 – Japan annexed Korea August 1945 Japanese north of 38th parallel surrendered to USSR Japanese south of the 38th parallel surrendered to US Post-war Korea was divided in half along the 38th parallel (like Germany)

Korea North of 38th Parallel South of 38th Parallel Soviet control Communist Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (North Korea) Kim Il Sung Capital - Pyongyang American control Democratic Republic of Korea (South Korea) Syngman Rhee Capital - Seoul June 1949 – only 500 American troops in South Korea Soviets believed US would not fight to defend South Korea Soviets backed North Korea with tanks, airplanes, and money to take over entire peninsula

The Korean War June 25, 1950 – NK launched surprise attack on SK Korean War - 1950-53, conflict between NK and SK, US and UN nations supported SK, China supported NK South Korea petitioned the UN for help  vote passed to help SK USSR not present due to their UN boycott – angry due to UN acknowledgment of Chinese Nationalists in Taiwan Soviets could not veto UN’s resolution

The Korean War June 27, 1950 US troops in Japan reported to SK 16 nations (including US) sent 520,000 troops + 590,000 SK troops SK All troops under command of General Douglas MacArthur (WWII hero)

MacArthur vs. Truman McArthur – WAR WITH CHINA! Wants to prevent Chinese support of North Korea Spoke with newspaper and magazine publishers… even Republican leaders Truman – ABSOLUTELY NOT! Despite warnings from superiors, McArthur continued to undermine and criticize Truman  April 11, 1951 – Truman fired MacArthur Initially, most Americans shocked, supported MacArthur (WWII hero!) After a while, public opinion swayed and Americans realized Truman’s case for limiting the war was a logical and smart move.

Truce Long, bloody stalemate  June 23, 1951 – USSR suggested a cease-fire, truce talks followed Location of the cease-fire line to be at the existing battle line Establishment of a demilitarized zone (area without military activities) between NK and SK Agreement did not fully please Truman Korea still two separate nations (US = ) Communism contained without using atomic weapons (US = )

Post-Korean War Korean War Impact 54,000 US lives lost $67B Increased fear of domestic communist aggression and influence High cost and low reward result of Korean War turned many Americans away from the Democratic Party